Answers to cuneiform exercises 4

Here are the answers to Cuneiform exercises 4, with some explanatory notes. You may also find it helpful to look again at the page on Sentence structure for more explanations.

  1. π’„Ώ π’ˆΎ π’†· π’ˆ  𒁲 π’…Ž

    i-na la-ma-di-im
    ina lamādim
    "when learning" or "when (the subject of the sentence) was/is learning"

  2. π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’ˆΎ 𒁕 π’‰Œ π’…Ž

    a-na na-da-ni-im
    ana nadānim
    "for giving" or "(in order) to give"

  3. π’„Ώ π’ˆΎ π’‚… π’Œ’ π’‰Ί π’„  π’Š­ 𒁕 π’Š‘ π’…Ž

    i-na αΉ­u-up-pa-am ša-αΉ­a-ri-im
    ina αΉ­uppam šaṭārim
    "when writing a tablet"

    Note: αΉ­uppam is in the accusative case as the object of the verb, even when the infinitive is in the genitive case.

  4. π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’Š­ 𒁇 π’‚… π’Œ’ 𒁉 π’…Ž

    a-na ša-par αΉ­u-up-pi2-im
    ana šapār αΉ­uppim
    "for the sending of a tablet"

  5. π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’ˆ  π’„© π’Š 𒀴

    a-na ma-ha-aαΉ£ ARAD
    ana mahāṣ wardim
    "for the slave's beating" or "for beating the slave"

  6. π’‚… π’Œ’ 𒁍 π’Œ π’Š­ π’…– π’‚… π’Š’

    αΉ­u-up-pu-um ša iš-αΉ­u-ru
    αΉ­uppum ša išαΉ­uru (or išαΉ­urΕ«)
    "the tablet that he wrote (or they wrote)"

  7. π’‚… π’Œ’ 𒁍 π’Œ π’Š­ π’€€ π’ˆΎ 𒇽 π’€Έ π’‚… π’Š’

    αΉ­u-up-pu-um ša a-na LU2 aš-αΉ­u-ru
    αΉ­uppum ša ana awΔ«lim ašαΉ­uru
    "the tablet that I wrote to the man"

  8. 𒇽 π’Š­ π’‚… π’Œ’ π’‰Ί π’„  π’…– π’‚… π’Š’

    LU2 ša αΉ­u-up-pa-am iš-αΉ­u-ru
    awΔ«lum ša αΉ­uppam išαΉ­uru
    "the man who wrote the tablet"

  9. 𒇽 π’Š­ π’‚… π’Œ’ π’‰Ί π’„  π’€Έ π’‚… π’Š’

    LU2 ša αΉ­u-up-pa-am aš-αΉ­u-ru
    awΔ«lum ša αΉ­uppam ašαΉ­uru
    "the man to/for whom I wrote the tablet"

  10. 𒇽 π’Š­ π’‚… π’Œ’ π’‰Ί π’‹— π’€Έ π’‚… π’Š’

    LU2 ša αΉ­u-up-pa-šu aš-αΉ­u-ru
    awΔ«lum ša αΉ­uppašu ašαΉ­uru
    "the man whose tablet I wrote" (as his scribe, for instance)

  11. π’Š©π’†³ π’€€ π’‰Ώ π’…† 𒆬 π’Œ“ π’„Ώ π’ˆΎ 𒂍 𒁁 π’‰Œ π’Š­ π’…– π’†ͺ π’Œ¦

    GEME2 a-wi-lim KUG.BABBAR ina E2 be-li2-ša iš-ku-un
    amat awΔ«lim kaspam ina bΔ«t bΔ“liša iškun
    "The man's slave-woman put the silver in her master's house."

  12. π’€Έ π’Š­ π’€œ π’€€ π’‰Ώ π’…† 𒆬 π’Œ“ π’€€ π’ˆΎ 𒀴 π’Š­ 𒀉 𒁲 π’…” π’ˆ  π’…– π’‹« 𒃲

    aš-ša-at a-wi-lim KUG.BABBAR a-na ARAD-ša id-di-in-ma iš-ta-qal
    aššat awΔ«lim kaspam ana wardiša iddinma ištaqal
    "The man's wife gave the silver to her slave and then he (or she) weighed (it) out."

    Note: just as English does not need to repeat the subject of a sentence (here "the man" appears once as the subject of two verbs), Akkadian does not need to repeat the object (here "the silver").

  13. π’€€ π’‰Ώ π’ˆ 𒆬 π’Œ“ π’…– π’†ͺ π’ŒŒ π’ˆ  π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’€Έ π’Š­ π’‹Ύ π’‹— 𒀉 π’‹« 𒁲 π’…”

    a-wi-lum KUG.BABBAR iš-qu2-ul-ma a-na aš-ša-ti-šu it-ta-di-in
    awΔ«lum kaspam išqulma ana aššatišu ittadin
    "The man weighed out the silver and then gave (it) to his wife."

  14. π’Š©π’Œ† π’‚… π’Œ’ π’‰Ί π’„  π’…– π’‚… π’Œ¨ π’ˆ  π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’Œ‰ π’Š­ π’…– π’‹« 𒁇

    NIN αΉ­u-up-pa-am iš-αΉ­u-ur-ma a-na DUMU-ša iš-ta-par
    bΔ“ltum αΉ­uppam išαΉ­urma ana māriša ištapar
    "The lady wrote a tablet and then sent it to her son."

  15. π’€€ π’‰Ώ π’ˆ π’Š©π’†³ π’Š­ 𒀉 𒁍 𒁍 π’…Ž π’„© π’Š

    a-wi-lum GEME2 ša id-bu-bu im-ha-aαΉ£
    awΔ«lum amtam ša idbubu imhaαΉ£
    "The man hit the slave-woman who talked."

    Note: amtam is in the accusative case as she is the object of the main verb of the sentence, and comes before the relative particle ša which starts the subordinate clause.

  16. π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’ˆ— π’Š­ 𒂍 π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’‚— π’…€ 𒀉 𒁲 𒉑 π’€Έ π’‚… π’Œ¨

    a-na LUGAL ša E2 a-na EN-ia id-di-nu aš-αΉ­u-ur
    ana šarrim ša bΔ«tam ana bΔ“lia iddinu ašαΉ­ur
    "I wrote to the king who gave a house to my lord."

  17. π’‚— π’‚… π’Œ’ π’‰Ί π’„  π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’ˆ— π’‹— π’…– π’‚… π’Œ¨ π’ˆ  π’€€ π’ˆΎ 𒀡 π’‹— π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’Š­ π’‰Ί π’Š‘ π’…Ž 𒀉 π’‹« 𒁲 π’…”

    EN αΉ­u-up-pa-am a-na LUGAL-šu iš-αΉ­u-ur-ma a-na ARAD2-šu a-na ša-pa-ri-im it-ta-di-in
    bΔ“lum αΉ­uppam ana šarrišu išαΉ­urma ana wardišu ana šapārim ittadin
    "The lord wrote a tablet to his king and then gave (it) to his slave to send."

  18. π’Š© π’Š­ π’‚… π’Œ’ π’‰Ί π’„  π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’Š©π’Œ† π’Š­ π’…– π’‚… π’Š’ π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’Š©π’†³ π’Š­ π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’Š­ π’‰Ί π’Š‘ π’…Ž 𒀉 𒁲 π’…”

    MUNUS ša αΉ­u-up-pa-am a-na NIN-ša iš-αΉ­u-ru a-na GEME2-ša a-na ša-pa-ri-im id-di-in
    sinništum ša αΉ­uppam ana bΔ“ltiša išαΉ­uru ana amtiša ana šapārim iddin
    "The woman who wrote a tablet to her lady gave (it) to her slave-woman to send."

  19. π’‹³ π’ˆ  π’‚— π’€€ π’ˆΎ π’ˆ— π’‹— 𒀉 𒁍 π’Œ’ π’ˆ— 𒂍 π’„Ώ π’ˆΎ 𒁲 π’…”

    šum-ma EN a-na LUGAL-šu id-bu-ub LUGAL E2 i-na-di-in
    šumma bΔ“lum ana šarrišu idbub šarrum bΔ«tam inaddin
    "If the lord speaks to his king, the king will give him a house."

  20. π’‹³ π’ˆ  𒀡 π’€€ π’‰Ώ π’…† 𒆬 π’Œ“ π’€€ π’ˆΎ 𒁁 π’‰Œ π’‹— π’†· 𒀉 𒁲 π’…” π’€€ π’‰Ώ π’ˆ 𒀡 π’‹— π’€€ π’‹Ύ π’„Ώ π’ˆ  π’„© π’Š

    šum-ma ARAD2 a-wi-lim KUG.BABBAR a-na be-li2-šu la id-din a-wi-lum ARAD2 šu-a-ti i-ma-ha-aαΉ£
    šumma warad awΔ«lim kaspam ana bΔ“lišu lā iddin awΔ«lum wardam šuāti imahhaαΉ£
    "If a man's slave does not give silver to its (the silver's) owner (or his (the slave's) master), the man will beat that slave."

Content last modified on 07 Jul 2012.

Eleanor Robson

Eleanor Robson, 'Answers to cuneiform exercises 4', Knowledge and Power, Higher Education Academy, 2012 [http://oracc.museum.upenn.edu/saao/knpp/CuneiformRevealed/Learningsigns/Cuneiformexercises/Answers4/]

 
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