This reference table gives the logograms and determinatives used in our Cuneiform exercises and Texts to read pages. Complete lists are published in the books described on the Using sign lists page.
| Cuneiform sign | Logographic values | Determinative values |
|---|---|---|
| 𒀀 | A = mû, "water" | |
| 𒀉 | A2 = idum, "arm, wage, rental" | |
| 𒀜 | AD = abum, "father" (with irregular plural abbū) | |
| 𒀝 | AK = epēšum, "to do" (e/u) | |
| 𒀭 | AN = Anum, the sky god AN = šamû, "the heavens" (plural) DINGIR = ilum, "god" (plural ilū or irregular ilānū) |
d = determinative before divine names |
| 𒀲 | ANŠE = imērum, "donkey" | |
| 𒀴 and 𒀵 | ARAD and ARAD2 both = wardum, "slave, servant" | |
| 𒌓 |
BABBAR = peṣûm, "white" UD or U4 = ūmum, "day" in dUTU = Šamaš, the sun-god |
|
| 𒁮 | DAM = aššatum, "wife" | |
| 𒁺 | DU or GEN = alākum, "to go" (irregular) GUB = izuzzum, "to stand" (irregular) TUM2 = wabālum, "to bring" |
|
| 𒅗 | DUG4 = qabûm, "to speak" INIM = awātum, "word" KA = pûm, "mouth" |
|
| 𒄭 | DUG3 = ṭābum, "good, sweet" in HI.A, used as a plural marker after some logograms |
|
| 𒌉 | DUMU = mārum, "son" in DUMU.MUNUS = mārtum, "daughter" TUR = ṣehrum, "small" |
|
| 𒂍 | E2 = bītum, "house" in E2.GAL = ēkallum, "palace" (which takes a feminine plural, ēkallātum) |
|
| 𒂗 | EN = bēlum, "lord" in dEN.KI = Enki or Ea, god of wisdom |
|
| 𒂵 | GA = šizbum, "milk" | |
| 𒃲 | GAL = rabûm, "large, great" | |
| 𒅅 | GAL2 = bašûm, "to exist" IG = daltum, "door" |
|
| 𒈪 | GE6 = ṣalmum, "black" GE6 = mūšum, "night" |
|
| 𒊩𒆳 | GEME2 = amtum, "slave woman, servant woman" | |
| 𒄀 | GI = qanûm, "reed, stylus" in GI.NA = kīnum, "permanent, true" |
|
| 𒁍 | GID2 = warkum, "long" | |
| 𒉺 | GIDRU = haṭṭum, "sceptre" UGULA = waklum, "overseer" |
|
| 𒄊 | GIR3 = šēpum, "foot" (f.; pl. šēpētum) in GIR3.PAD.DU = eṣemtum, "bone" |
|
| 𒄑 | GIŠ = iṣum, "tree, wood" | giš = determinative before wooden objects |
| 𒄞 | GU4 or GUD = alpum, "ox" | |
| 𒆏 | GUB3 = šumēlum, "left" | |
| 𒄥 | in GUR or ŠE.GUR.E = kurrum, a capacity unit (c.300 litres) | |
| 𒉌 | I3 = šamnum, "(vegetable) oil" | |
| 𒀀𒇉 | ID2 = nārum, "river, canal" | |
| 𒅆 | IGI =īnum, "eye" IGI = pānum, "face" |
|
| 𒅋 | IL = šaqûm, "to be(come) high" (i/i) | |
| 𒅎 | IM = ṭīdum, "clay" TU15 = šārum, "wind" in dIŠKUR = Adad, the storm god |
|
| 𒌷 | IRI or URU = ālum, "city" (plural ālū or irregular ālānū) |
iri = determinative before city names |
| 𒉈 | IZI = išātum, "fire" | |
| 𒌦 | KALAM = mātum, "land" UN = nišū, "people" (plural) |
|
| 𒁉 | KAŠ = šikarum, "beer" | |
| 𒆠 | KI = ašrum, "place" KI = erṣetum, "earth" in KI.LAM = mahīrum, "exchange rate, value" |
ki = determinative after place names |
| 𒈩 | KIŠIB or KIŠIB.LA2 = rittum, "hand" | |
| 𒆬 | KU3 or KUG = ellum, "pure, holy" in KU3.GI or KUG.SIG17 = hurāṣum, "gold" in KU3.BABBAR or KUG.BABBAR = kaspum, "silver" |
|
| 𒄩 | KU6 = nūnum, "fish" | ku6 = determinative after names of fish |
| 𒆳 | KUR = mātum, "land" KUR = šadûm, "mountain" KUR = kašādum, "to reach, to conquer" (a/u) |
kur = determinative before names of lands |
| 𒁉𒁷 | KURUN = kurunnum, a kind of beer in fKURUN.NA = sābītum, "(female) brewer" |
|
| 𒌑 | KUŠ3= ammatum, "cubit", a length measure, c.50 cm U2 = šammum, "plant(s)" |
u2 = determinative before plant names |
| 𒇽 | LU2 = awīlum, "man, person" | lu2 = determinative before some professions |
| 𒈗 | LUGAL = šarrum, "king" | |
| 𒈠 | in MA.NA = manûm, a weight unit (c.500 g) | |
| 𒈤 | MAH = ṣīrum, "exalted" in UR.MAH, nēšum, "lion" |
|
| 𒈦 | in MAŠ.EN.GAG = muškēnum, "palace dependant" | |
| 𒈨 | ME = parṣum, "rite, divine power" | |
| 𒈨𒌍 | MEŠ (plural marker) | |
| 𒈬 | MU = šattum, "year" MU = šumum, "name" MU = zakārum, "to speak, to name" (a/u) |
|
| 𒊩 | MUNUS = sinništum, "woman" | f = determinative before female names |
| 𒄷 | MUŠEN = iṣṣūrum, "bird" | mušen = determinative after bird names |
| 𒉌𒌓 | NA4 = abnum, "stone, weight" | |
| 𒊩𒌆 | NIN = bēltum, "lady" |
|
| 𒉡 | NU = ul, lā, "not" | |
| 𒊓 | in SA.A = šurānum, "cat" | |
| 𒂖 | SIKIL = ellum, "pure, holy" | |
| 𒋡 | SILA3 = qûm, a unit of capacity (c.1 litre) | |
| 𒁲 | SILIM = šalāmum, "to be healthy, favourable" (i/i) SILIM = šulmum, "well-being" SILIM = šalmum, "healthy, favourable" |
|
| 𒉛 | ŠAM2 = šīmum, "purchase price" | |
| 𒊺 | ŠE = šeʾum, "barley, grain" | |
| 𒋗 | ŠU = qātum, "hand" | |
| 𒋫 | TA = ištu or ultu, "from" | |
| 𒋰 | in TAB.BA = tappûm, "companion, friend" | |
| 𒋾 | TI = balāṭum, "life" | |
| 𒆪 | TUŠ = wašābum, "to sit, dwell" | |
| 𒇻 | UDU = immerum, "sheep" | |
| 𒌨 | UR = kalbum, "dog" | |
| 𒄯 | in UR5.RA = hubullum, "debt, interest-bearing loan" | |
| 𒍑 | US2 = redûm, "to accompany" (i/i) | |
| 𒍣 | ZI = napāšum, "to breathe" (u/u) ZI = napištum, "breath, life" |
|
| 𒍪 | ZU = idûm, "to know" (i/i) ZU = lamādum, "to learn" (a/a) |