Abbreviations and Symbols

Bibliographical Abbreviations

ABB	E. Behrens Assyrisch-babylonische Briefe kultischen Inhalts (Leipziger semitistische Studien 2/II, Leipzig 1906)
ABL	R. F. Harper, Assyrian and Babylonian Letters (London and Chicago 1892-1914)
ACh	Ch. Virolleaud, L 'astrologie chaldéenne (Paris 1907-1912)
ADD	C. H. W. Johns, Assyrian Deeds and Documents (Cambridge 1898-1923)
AGS	J. A. Knudtzon, Assyrische Gebete an den Sonnengott (Leipzig 1893)
AHw.	W. von Soden, Akkadisches Handwörterbuch (Wiesbaden 1957-81)
AL	F. Delitzsch, Assyrische Lesestücken (Assyriologische Bibliothek 16, Leipzig 1912)
AfO	Archiv für Orientforschung
AS	Assyriological Studies
BaM Bh	Baghdader Mitteilungen, Beihefte
BBEA	B. Landsberger, Brief des Bischofs von Esagila an König Asarhaddon (Amsterdam 1965)
BBR	H. Zimmern, Beiträge zur Kenntnis der babylonischen Religion I (Leipzig 1896), II (Leipzig 1901)
BM	tablets in the collections of the British Museum
Bu	tablets in the collections of the British Museum
BWL	W. G. Lambert, Babylonian Wisdom Literature (Oxford 1960)
CAD	The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
CBS	tablets in the collections of the University Museum, Philadelphia
CRRAI	Rencontre assyriologique internationale, comptes rendus
CT	Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum
Dalman Aram. Wb.	G. H. Dalman, Aramäisch-neuhebräisches Wörterbuch zu Targum, Talmud und Midrasch (Hildesheim 1967)
DT	tablets in the collections of the British Museum
Erra	L. Cagni, L'Epopea di Erra (Studi Semitici 34, Rome 1969)
Festschrift Moran	T. Abusch, J. Huehnergard and Piotr Steinkeller (eds.), Lingering Over Words. Studies in Ancient Near Eastern Literature in Honor of William L. Moran (Atlanta 1990)
Festschrift Reiner	F. Rochberg-Halton (ed.), Language, Literature, and History: Philological and Historical Studies Presented to Erica Reiner (American Oriental Series 67, New Haven 1987)
Fs. Christian	K. Schubert (ed.), Vorderasiatische Studien, Festschrift Prof. Dr. Viktor Christian, gewidmet von Kollegen und Schülern zum 70. Geburtstag (Wien 1956)
Gilg.	R.C. Thompson, The Epic of Gilgamish (Oxford 1930)
HAV	Hilprecht Anniversary Volume (Leipzig 1909)
JAOS	Journal of the American Oriental Society
Jastrow Dict.	M. Jastrow, Dictionary of the Targumim, ... (Brooklyn 1903)
JCS	Journal of Cuneiform Studies
JNES	Journal of Near Eastern Studies
K	tablets in the collections of the British Museum
KAR	E. Ebeling, Keilschrifttexte aus Assur religiösen Inhalts (Leipzig 1919)
Ki	tablets in the collections of the British Museum
LAS	S. Parpola, Letters from Assyrian Scholars to the Kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal I, II (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 5/1-2, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1970, 1983)
LAS II A	S. Parpola, Letters ..., Part II A: Introduction and Appendixes (Ph.D. diss., University of Helsinki, 1971)
Lehmann Ššmk	C. F. Lehmann(-Haupt) Šamaššumukîn, König von Babylonien 668-648 v. Chr. (Assyriologische Bibliothek 8, Leipzig 1892)
LSS	Leipziger semitistische Studien
MAOG	Mitteilungen der Altorientalischen Gesellschaft
MUL.APIN	H. Hunger and D. Pingree, MUL.APIN. An Astronomical Compendium in Cuneiform (AfO Beiheft 24, Horn 1989)
MSL	Materialien zum sumerischen Lexikon; Materials for the Sumerian Lexicon
N.A.B.U.	Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires
ND	field numbers of tablets excavated at Nimrud
OLZ	Orientalistische Literaturzeitung
Or.	Orientalia, Nova Series
Payne-Smith	J. Payne Smith (ed.), A Compendious Syriac Dictionary (Oxford 1903)
PBS	University of Pennsylvania, the Museum, Publications of the Babylonian Section
PSBA	Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology
RA	Revue d' Assyriologie
RCAE	L. Waterman, Royal Correspondence of the Assyrian Empire I-IV (Ann Arbor 1930-1936)
Rm	tablets in the collections of the British Museum
RMA	R. C. Thompson, The Reports of the Magicians and Astrologers of Nineveh and Babylon I-II (London 1900)
Smith Keilschrifttexte Assurbanipals	S. A. Smith, Die Keilschrifttexte Assurbanipals I-II (Leipzig 1887), III (Leipzig 1889)
SAA	State Archives of Assyria
SAAB	State Archives of Assyria Bulletin
SANE	Sources from the Ancient Near East (Malibu)
Sm	tablets in the collections of the British Museum
Streck Asb	M. Streck, Assurbanipal l-III (Vorderasiatische Bibliothek 7, Leipzig 1916)
Tallqvist Götterepitheta	K. Tallqvist, Akkadische Götterepitheta (Studia Orientalia 7, Helsinki 1938)
UVB	Vorläufiger Bericht über die ... Ausgrabungen in Uruk-Warka (Berlin)
VAB	Vorderasiatische Bibliothek (Leipzig)
VTE	D. J. Wiseman, The Vassal Treaties of Esarhaddon (London 1958)
ZA	Zeitschrift für Assyriologie

W and Y in the critical apparatus (followed by page number) refer to collations in RCAE and S. Ylvisaker, Zur babylonischen und assyrischen Grammatik (LSS 5/6, Leipzig 1912) respectively.

Other Abbreviations and Symbols

Ass.	Assyrian
Aram.	Aramaic
Bab.	Babylonian
Syr.	Syriac
NA	Neo-Assyrian
NB	Neo-Babylonian
OB	Old Babylonian
SB	Standard Babylonian
DN	divine name
PN	personal name
e.	edge
obv.	obverse
r., rev.	reverse
rs.	right side
s.	(left) side
coll.	collated, collation
mng.	meaning
unpub.	unpublished
var.	variant
!	collation
!!	emendation
?	uncertain reading
: :. ::	cuneiform division marks
\|	vertical word-divider
*	graphic variants (see LAS I p. XX)
0	uninscribed space or nonexistent sign
x	broken or undeciphered sign
( )	supplied word or sign
(( ))	sign erroneously added by scribe
[[ ]]	erasure
[...]	minor break (one or two missing words)
[......]	major break
...	untranslatable word
......	untranslatable passage
→	see also
+	joined to

Simo Parpola

Simo Parpola, 'Abbreviations and Symbols', Letters from Assyrian and Babylonian Scholars, SAA 10. Original publication: Helsinki, Helsinki University Press, 1993; online contents: SAAo/SAA10 Project, a sub-project of MOCCI, 2025 [http://oracc.org/saao/saa10/SAA10AbbreviationsandSymbols/]