urud [COPPER] (N)

1820 instances

urud [COPPER] N (1820x) Early Dynastic I-II, Early Dynastic IIIa, Early Dynastic IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Hellenistic wr. urud; a-ru₁₂-daurud; urudda; a-ru₁₂-da; urudu-urudu; urudru₁₂-da; urud₂; uruda-ru₁₂-da "copper"

[1] 𒍏 urud
[2] 𒀀𒂗𒁕𒍏 a-ru₁₂-daurud
[3] 𒍏𒁕 urud da
[4] 𒀀𒂗𒁕 a-ru₁₂-da
[5] 𒍏𒍏 urudu-urudu
[6] 𒍏𒂗𒁕 urudru₁₂-da
[7] 𒁾 urud₂
[8] 𒍏𒀀𒂗𒁕 uruda-ru₁₂-da
+ --da=d.a (6x/0%).
PC ED IIIa ED IIIb Ebla OAkk Lag II Ur III OB Post-OB (unknown)
[1] 2 243 116 265 34 846 161 127
[2] 12
[3] 6
[4] 1 3
[5] 1
[6] 1
[7] 1
[8] 1

30 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic I-II (2x/0%)

Early Dynastic IIIa (244x/13%)

Early Dynastic IIIb (129x/7%)

Old Akkadian (269x/15%)

Lagash II (34x/2%)

Ur III (852x/47%)

Old Babylonian (162x/9%)

Middle Babylonian (34x/2%)

Neo-Assyrian (77x/4%)

Neo-Babylonian (16x/1%)

Hellenistic (1x/0%)

Senses:

1. copper (1820x/100%)

Akk. erû.

Bibliography

[2006] W. Sommerfeld, Akkadian Language 60.

[2001] H. Waetzoldt, MEE 12 50.

[1999] G. Rubio, JCS 51 9 n20; 10.

urud

= erû (K 04263+ o ii 3').

= we-e-ru-um (OB Nippur Aa 190:1).

uruda

(OB Nippur Ea 190).

urudu

= erû (CT 11, pl. 33, K 10072 r ii 2').

urudu₂

= erû (Ea 03 203).

Lexical Associations

werû[copper]N (// urud[copper])

⸢urud?⸣ = e-ru-[u₂?] (BM 037190 o 3'; CT 12, pl. 38, K 00244+ r i 7'; Ura 11 section 3, 97; K 04263+ o ii 3'; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 26; Rm 2, 583 r ii 16'; MSL SS 1, 030 o 14').

⸢urud⸣ = i-ru-u (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 1).

urud = ⸢we⸣-ru-u₂ (BM 085983 o iv 8).

[urudu] = ⸢e⸣-ru-[u₂] (BM 048569 r 4a; CT 11, pl. 33, K 10072 r ii 2').

urudu₂ = e-ru-u₂ (Ea 03 203).

Tilmunnu[from Dilmun]EN (// urud[copper] Dilmun[1])

urud dilmunki = til-mu-nu-u₂ (Ura 11 section 3, 106; Rm 2, 583 r ii 25').

asnû[(date) from Dilmun]N (// urud[copper] Dilmun[1])

urud dilmunki = as-nu-u₂ (Ura 11 section 3, 106a).

tilmunnu[of Tilmun]EN (// urud[copper] Dilmun[1])

[urud] dilmun(NI.TUK)-naki = ta-al-mu-⸢un⸣-[nu-u] (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 7).

tilmunnû[from Dilmun]EN (// urud[copper] Dilmun[1])

urud dilmunki = til₂-ma-⸢nu⸣-u₂ (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 35).

Makkanu[from Makkan]EN (// urud[copper] Magan[1])

makkanu[(originating) from Makkan]EN (// urud[copper] Magan[1])

urud ma₂-gan-na = ma-ak-ka-nu-u₂ (Ura 11 section 3, 107; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 37; K 08676 o ii 9'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 26').

[urud ma₂-gan]-na = ma-aq-⸢qa⸣-[nu-u] (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 8).

Meluhhu[from Meluhha]EN (// urud[copper] Meluhha[1])

urud me-luḫ-[ḫa] = ⸢me⸣-[luḫ-ḫu-u] (K 08676 o ii 10').

meluhhu[of Meluhha]EN (// urud[copper] Meluhha[1])

[urud me-luḫ-ḫa] = me-luḫ-[ḫu-u] (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 9; Ura 11 section 3, 108; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 38; Rm 2, 583 r ii 27').

asnû[(date) from Dilmun]N (// urud[copper] dilmun[important])

urud dilmun!ki = as-nu-u₂ (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 36).

x-su alpu[bull]N (// urud[copper] giŋ[unit] Dilmun[1])

urud giŋ₄ dilmunki = [...]-su GUD x-pa al-pi (BM 085983 o iv 18).

ešmekku[malachite(?)]N (// urud[copper] išme[stone])

urud [iš]-me-na = uš-me-na-ku (BM 085983 o iv 11).

dannu[strong one]N (// urud[copper] kalag[strong])

urud kalag-⸢ga⸣ = dan-nu (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 27).

uššu[(a copper vessel)]N dannu[strong]AJ (// urud[copper] kalag[strong])

urud kalag-ga = uš-šu dan-nu (BM 085983 o iv 12).

werû[copper]N dannu[strong one]N (// urud[copper] kalag[strong])

werû[copper]N dannu[strong]AJ (// urud[copper] kalag[strong])

urud kalag-ga = MIN<(e-ru-u₂)> dan-nu (Ura 11 section 3, 98; Rm 2, 583 r ii 17'; MSL SS 1, 030 o 15').

kurû[short one]N (// urud[copper] lugud[short])

urud lugud₂-da = ⸢ku-ri?⸣-[tu₂] (K 08676 r i 17').

alulūtu[(a kind of mineral)]N (// urud[copper] luh[clean])

urud luḫ-ḫa = a-lu-lu-⸢tum⸣ (BM 085983 o iv 15).

mesû[washed one]N (// urud[copper] luh[clean])

urud ḫu-luḫ-ḫa = me-su-u₂ (Ura 11 section 3, 101; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 30; K 08676 o ii 3'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 20').

mesû[washed]AJ (// urud[copper] luh[clean])

urud luḫ-ḫa = mi-sum₂ (BM 085983 o iv 14).

uluhhu[scepter]N (// urud[copper] luh[clean])

[urud] ⸢ḫu?⸣-luḫ = u₃-lu-uḫ-ḫu (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 3).

werû[copper]N (// urud[copper] luh[clean])

urud luḫ-ḫa = we-ru-u₂ (BM 085983 o iv 13).

ṣītu[exit]N hurru[hole]N (// urud[copper] niŋ[thing] luh[clean])

[urud niŋ₂] ⸢ḫu?⸣-luḫ-ḫa = ṣi-it ḫur-⸢ri⸣ (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 4).

pitqu[casting]N (// urud[copper] niŋdea[mould])

urud niŋ₂-de₂-a = pi-it-qum (BM 085983 r i 31).

ruqqu[thinness]N (// urud[copper] niŋdea[mould])

urud niŋ₂-de₂-a = MIN<(ru-qum)> (BM 085983 r i 30).

werû[copper]N (// urud[copper] niŋkalaga[strong])

urud ⸢niŋ₂⸣-kalag-ga = MIN<(we-ru-u₂)> (BM 085983 o iv 9).

laʾšu[(a copper ore)]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] ki[place])

urud saḫar ki = MIN<(la-aʾ-šu)> (Ura 11 section 3, 105; K 08676 o ii 7'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 24').

urud saḫar ki = MIN<(la-a-šu₂)> (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 34).

saharlakku[copper ore?]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] la₂)

⸢urud⸣ saḫar la₂ = ŠU<(saḫarlakku?)>ku (Rm 2, 583 r ii 22').

werû[copper]N hurru[hole]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] luh[clean])

urud saḫar luḫ-ḫa = ⸢URUDA⸣ ḪABRUD₄ (BM 085983 o iv 16).

ṣītu[exit]N hurru[hole]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] luh[clean])

urud saḫar ḫu-luḫ-ḫa = ṣi-⸢it? ḫur?⸣-[ri] [...] (RA 14, 79, K 00152+ r ii 4; Ura 11 section 3, 102; CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 o i 23'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 21').

urud saḫar MIN<(ḫu-luḫ-ḫa)> = ṣi-it ⸢ḫur⸣-ru (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 31).

ṣītu[exit]N x (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] luh[clean])

⸢urud saḫar⸣ [ḫu]-luḫ-ḫa = ṣi-[it ...] (K 08676 o ii 4').

laʾšu[(a copper ore)]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] šu[hand])

urud saḫar šu = la-a-šu₂ (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 33).

laʾšu[(a copper ore)]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] šuš[cover])

urud saḫar šuš₂ = la-aʾ-šu (Ura 11 section 3, 104; K 08676 o ii 6'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 23').

uššu[(a copper vessel)]N (// urud[copper] uš[nugget])

⸢urud⸣ uš₂ = uš-šu (BM 085983 o iv 10).

werû[copper]N hurru[hole]N (// urud[copper] x hurrum[cave])

urud ⸢x?⸣ ḫu-ru-um-ma = URUDA ḪABRUD₄ (BM 085983 o iv 20).

gurnu[average quality one]N (// urud[copper] zarin[low quality])

urud za-ri₂-in = gur-nu (Ura 11 section 3, 100; CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 o i 22'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 19'; MSL SS 1, 030 o 17').

urud za-ri₂-ni = gur-nu (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 29).

gurnu[average quality]AJ (// urud[copper] zarin[low quality])

zarinnu[coarsely cleaned material]N (// urud[copper] zarin[low quality])

urud za-ri₂-in = ŠU<(zarinnu)>nu (Ura 11 section 3, 99; CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 o i 35'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 18'; MSL SS 1, 030 o 16').

[urud za]-⸢ri₂⸣-na = za!(E-)ri-in-nu (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 2).

urud za-ri₂-⸢ni⸣ = ŠU<(zarinnu)> (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 28).

zarinnu[coarsely cleaned material]N piṣṣu[small pieces]N (// urud[copper] zarin[low quality])

urud za-ri₂-in = [za]-ri-in-nu pi-iṣ-ṣum (BM 085983 o iv 17).

biltu[load]N werû[copper]N (// gun[load] urud[copper])

[gun] ⸢urudu⸣ = MIN<(bilat)> e-ri-[i] (MSL 05, 046 r iii 60).

kussû[chair]N x (// guza[chair] gar[knob] urud[copper] ŋar[place])

ŋešgu-za gar₃-ba uruda ŋar-⸢ra⸣ = ku-[us-sa ...] (Emar 6/1, p. 128, Msk 731048 o i 16').

kussû[chair]N ša[that]REL karru[knob]N werû[copper]N x (// guza[chair] gar[knob] urud[copper] ŋar[place])

⸢ŋešgu⸣-za MIN<(gar₃-ba)> urud ŋar-ra = MIN<(ku-us-si)> MIN<(ša₂)> kar-šu₂ e-⸢ra⸣-[a ...] (K 07614+ i' 14').

marru[shovel]N werû[copper]N (// mar[shovel] urud[copper])

mar uruda = mar e-[ri-i] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r i 45').

References for all phrases

urud[copper]

urud (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o v 6; OB Nippur Ura 2 491; ASJ 09, 289-291 o iv 22').

urud = we-e-ru-⸢um⸣ (OB Nippur Aa 190:1).

uruda (OB Nippur Ea 190; MSL 14, 024 Ga r ii' 4; MSL 14, 29 Lb a iv 11; MSL 14, 018 Bb o v 29).

⸢urud?⸣ = e-ru-[u₂?] (BM 037190 o 3'; CT 12, pl. 38, K 00244+ r i 7'; Ura 11 section 3, 97; K 04263+ o ii 3'; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 26; Rm 2, 583 r ii 16'; MSL SS 1, 030 o 14').

⸢urud⸣ = i-ru-u (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 1).

urud = ⸢we⸣-ru-u₂ (BM 085983 o iv 8).

[urudu] = ⸢e⸣-ru-[u₂] (BM 048569 r 4a; CT 11, pl. 33, K 10072 r ii 2').

urudu₂ = e-ru-u₂ (Ea 03 203).

urud[copper] Dilmun[1]

urud dilmun-na (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o v 13; ASJ 09, 289-291 o iv 29').

urud ⸢dilmun⸣ki = til-⸢x⸣-[...] (K 08676 o ii 8').

urud dilmunki = til-mu-nu-u₂ (Ura 11 section 3, 106; Rm 2, 583 r ii 25').

urud dilmunki = as-nu-u₂ (Ura 11 section 3, 106a).

[urud] dilmun(NI.TUK)-naki = ta-al-mu-⸢un⸣-[nu-u] (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 7).

urud dilmunki = til₂-ma-⸢nu⸣-u₂ (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 35).

urud[copper] Magan[1]

urud ma₂-gan-na = ma-ak-ka-nu-u₂ (Ura 11 section 3, 107; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 37; K 08676 o ii 9'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 26').

[urud ma₂-gan]-na = ma-aq-⸢qa⸣-[nu-u] (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 8).

urud[copper] Meluhha[1]

urud me-⸢luḫ⸣-[ḫa] = [...] (BM 033426 r i' 9').

urud me-luḫ-[ḫa] = ⸢me⸣-[luḫ-ḫu-u] (K 08676 o ii 10').

[urud me-luḫ-ḫa] = me-luḫ-[ḫu-u] (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 9; Ura 11 section 3, 108; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 38; Rm 2, 583 r ii 27').

urud[copper] dilmun[important]

urud dilmun!ki = as-nu-u₂ (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 36).

urud[copper] gaba[chest] nu-x

urud gaba nu-[...] (BM 085983 r i 20).

urud[copper] gaba[chest] x

urud gaba [...] (BM 085983 r i 19).

urud[copper] giŋ[unit] Dilmun[1]

urud giŋ₄ dilmunki = [...]-su GUD x-pa al-pi (BM 085983 o iv 18).

urud[copper] giŋ[unit] Tiama[1]

urud giŋ₄ ti-a-ma (BM 085983 o iv 19).

urud[copper] išme[stone]

urud [iš]-me-na = uš-me-na-ku (BM 085983 o iv 11).

urud[copper] kalag[strong]

urud kalag-ga (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o v 7; ASJ 09, 289-291 o iv 23').

urud kalag-⸢ga⸣ = dan-nu (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 27).

urud kalag-ga = uš-šu dan-nu (BM 085983 o iv 12).

urud kalag-ga = MIN<(e-ru-u₂)> dan-nu (Ura 11 section 3, 98; Rm 2, 583 r ii 17'; MSL SS 1, 030 o 15').

urud[copper] lugud[short]

urud lugud₂-da = ⸢ku-ri?⸣-[tu₂] (K 08676 r i 17').

urud[copper] luh[clean]

urud ḫu-luḫ-ḫa (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o v 10; ASJ 09, 289-291 o iv 26').

urud luḫ-ḫa (OB Nippur Ura 2 494; MSL 07, 197 V02, 210 V11 r iii 4).

urud luḫ-ḫa = a-lu-lu-⸢tum⸣ (BM 085983 o iv 15).

urud ḫu-luḫ-ḫa = me-su-u₂ (Ura 11 section 3, 101; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 30; K 08676 o ii 3'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 20').

urud luḫ-ḫa = mi-sum₂ (BM 085983 o iv 14).

[urud] ⸢ḫu?⸣-luḫ = u₃-lu-uḫ-ḫu (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 3).

urud luḫ-ḫa = we-ru-u₂ (BM 085983 o iv 13).

urud[copper] niŋ[thing] luh[clean]

⸢urud⸣ niŋ₂ ḫu-luḫ-ḫa (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o v 11; ASJ 09, 289-291 o iv 27').

[urud niŋ₂] ⸢ḫu?⸣-luḫ-ḫa = ṣi-it ḫur-⸢ri⸣ (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 4).

urud[copper] niŋdea[mould]

urud niŋ₂-de₂-a = pi-it-qum (BM 085983 r i 31).

urud niŋ₂-de₂-a = MIN<(ru-qum)> (BM 085983 r i 30).

urud[copper] niŋkalaga[strong]

urud niŋ₂-kalag-ga (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o v 8; OB Nippur Ura 2 492; ASJ 09, 289-291 o iv 24').

urud ⸢niŋ₂⸣-kalag-ga = MIN<(we-ru-u₂)> (BM 085983 o iv 9).

urud[copper] sahar[soil] ki[place]

urud saḫar ki = MIN<(la-aʾ-šu)> (Ura 11 section 3, 105; K 08676 o ii 7'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 24').

urud saḫar ki = MIN<(la-a-šu₂)> (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 34).

urud[copper] sahar[soil] la₂

⸢urud⸣ saḫar la₂ = ŠU<(saḫarlakku?)>ku (Rm 2, 583 r ii 22').

urud[copper] sahar[soil] luh[clean]

urud saḫar luḫ-ḫa = ⸢URUDA⸣ ḪABRUD₄ (BM 085983 o iv 16).

urud saḫar ḫu-luḫ-ḫa = ṣi-⸢it? ḫur?⸣-[ri] [...] (RA 14, 79, K 00152+ r ii 4; Ura 11 section 3, 102; CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 o i 23'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 21').

urud saḫar MIN<(ḫu-luḫ-ḫa)> = ṣi-it ⸢ḫur⸣-ru (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 31).

⸢urud saḫar⸣ [ḫu]-luḫ-ḫa = ṣi-[it ...] (K 08676 o ii 4').

urud[copper] sahar[soil] šu[hand]

urud saḫar šu = la-a-šu₂ (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 33).

urud[copper] sahar[soil] šuš[cover]

urud saḫar šuš₂ = la-aʾ-šu (Ura 11 section 3, 104; K 08676 o ii 6'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 23').

urud[copper] uš[nugget]

⸢urud⸣ uš₂ = uš-šu (BM 085983 o iv 10).

urud[copper] x

[urud ...] (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 r i 5', r i 6'; CUNES 52-08-072 r i 1').

⸢urud⸣ [...] = [...] (Emar 6/1, p. 376, Msk 74148k o i' 1'', o i' 2'', o i' 7'', o ii' 1'; BM 033426 r i' 1', r i' 2', r i' 3', r i' 4', r i' 5', r i' 6', r i' 7', r i' 8').

urud[copper] x hurrum[cave]

urud ⸢x?⸣ ḫu-ru-um-ma = URUDA ḪABRUD₄ (BM 085983 o iv 20).

urud[copper] x-x-x

urud ⸢x-x⸣-[x?] (CUNES 52-08-072 r i 2').

urud[copper] zarin[low quality]

urud za-ri₂-in (OB Nippur Ura 2 493; MSL 07, 197 V02, 210 V11 r iii 3).

[urud za-ri₂]-⸢in⸣ = [...] (K 08676 o ii 1', o ii 2').

urud za-ri₂-in-nu (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o v 9; ASJ 09, 289-291 o iv 25').

urud za-ri₂-in = gur-nu (Ura 11 section 3, 100; CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 o i 22'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 19'; MSL SS 1, 030 o 17').

urud za-ri₂-ni = gur-nu (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 29).

urud za-ri₂-in = ŠU<(zarinnu)>nu (Ura 11 section 3, 99; CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 o i 35'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 18'; MSL SS 1, 030 o 16').

[urud za]-⸢ri₂⸣-na = za!(E-)ri-in-nu (Emar 6/2, p. 541, Msk 74233g o 2).

urud za-ri₂-⸢ni⸣ = ŠU<(zarinnu)> (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 28).

urud za-ri₂-in = [za]-ri-in-nu pi-iṣ-ṣum (BM 085983 o iv 17).

banšur[table] urud[copper]

ŋešbanšurₓ(URU×IGI)urud urud (CUSAS 12, 3.1.1 b ii 61).

gun[load] urud[copper]

MIN<(gun)> urud = [...] (MB Ura 02 Seg.3, 57'').

gu₂-un urudu? (CBS 01862 r ii 22').

[gun] ⸢urudu⸣ = MIN<(bilat)> e-ri-[i] (MSL 05, 046 r iii 60).

guza[chair] gar[knob] urud[copper] ŋar[place]

ŋešgu-za gar₃-ba urud ⸢ŋar⸣-[ra] (Emar 6/1, p. 105-109, Msk 731030 o v 41'; PBS 12/1, 17 27).

ŋešgu-za gar₃-ba uruda ⸢ŋar?-ra?⸣ (Syria 10, pl. 77, 05 r i 8').

ŋešgu-za gar₃-bi urud [ŋar-ra] (LoC 004 o 1).

ŋešgu-za gar₃-ba uruda ŋar-⸢ra⸣ = ku-[us-sa ...] (Emar 6/1, p. 128, Msk 731048 o i 16').

⸢ŋešgu⸣-za MIN<(gar₃-ba)> urud ŋar-ra = MIN<(ku-us-si)> MIN<(ša₂)> kar-šu₂ e-⸢ra⸣-[a ...] (K 07614+ i' 14').

kaŋeškarak[table] urud[copper]

[ŋeš]⸢ka⸣-kara₄ urud (CUSAS 12, 3.1.1 b iii 10).

kuš[skin] šegin[glue] urud[copper]

kuš še-gin₂ urudu (BM 085983 o iii 38).

mar[shovel] urud[copper]

[ŋeš]mar urud (UET 6, 0677 + 0678 + UET 7, 087 + 091 r v 07').

mar uruda = mar e-[ri-i] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r i 45').

ugula[overseer] e[house] urud[copper]

ugula e₂ urud (OB Nippur Lu 156a).

šatam[official] e[house] urud[copper]

ša₃-tam e₂ urud (OB Nippur Lu 41).

Word ID: o0041880; Citation URL: http://oracc.org/epsd2/o0041880; version 2.7.2 (built 2024-08-31)