ugu [SKULL] N (1791x) Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Persian, unknown wr. ugu₂; ugu; aga₃; uguₓ(SAGⁿ^g); ugu₃; uguₓ(U.SAG); u₂-gu; u₃-gu₂; ugu-ugu; u₃-gu; ^ŋešugu; uguₓ(A.U.KA) "skull, pate; first section of a balanced account, capital; on, over, above; against, towards; more than; top"

See uguʾe takaʾa[left by the account]AJ.

[1]	𒀀𒅗	ugu₂
[2]	𒌋𒅗	ugu
[3]	𒂆	aga₃
[4]		uguₓ(SAGⁿ^g)
[5]	𒀀𒊕	ugu₃
[6]	𒌋𒊕𒌋𒊕	uguₓ(U.SAG)
[7]	𒌑𒄖	u₂-gu
[8]	𒅇𒄘	u₃-gu₂
[9]	𒌋𒅗𒌋𒅗	ugu-ugu
[10]	𒅇𒄖	u₃-gu
[11]	𒄑𒌋𒅗	^ŋeš ugu
[12]	𒀀𒌋𒅗𒀀𒌋𒅗	uguₓ(A.U.KA)

	PC	ED IIIa	ED IIIb	Ebla	OAkk	Lag II	Ur III	OB	Post-OB	(unknown)
[1]					2		1443	12	1
[2]					3		1	210	74	14
[3]							14
[4]						2		2
[5]					1				2
[6]								3
[7]							2
[8]							1	1
[9]								1
[10]								1
[11]								1
[12]

73 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Old Akkadian (6x/0%)

Lagash II (2x/0%)

Ur III (1461x/82%)

Old Babylonian (231x/13%)

Middle Assyrian (5x/0%)

Middle Babylonian (15x/1%)

Neo-Assyrian (45x/3%)

Neo-Babylonian (4x/0%)

Persian (8x/0%)

unknown (14x/1%)

Senses:

1. skull, pate (247x/14%)

2. first section of a balanced account, capital (1460x/82%)

3. on, over, above [PRP] (52x/3%)

4. against, towards [PRP] (23x/1%)

5. more than (1x/0%)

6. top (8x/0%)

Akk. eli; muhhu; qaqqadu.

Bibliography

[2022] A. Cavigneaux, NABU 2022/5.

[2011] M. Civil, CUSAS 17 232.

[2007] B. Alster and T. Oshima Iraq 69: 13

[2002] J. Høyrup, Lengths Widths Surfaces 44; 46.

[1995] W. Sallaberger, BiOr 52 444.

[1992] M. Sigrist, Drehem 92.

[1973] M. Civil, JNES 32 58-59.

[1969] J. Krecher, UF 1 150-151.

ugu

(OB Nippur Ea 310).

= muhhu (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 6, r 7, r 8, r 9, r 10, r 11, r 12).

ugu₂

= muhhu (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 5).

ugu₃

= muhhu (Ea 03 49).

= muhhu (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 4).

uguₓ(|U.SAG|)

= muhhum (CUSAS 12, 1.3.1 o 2; Karpeles 01 r ii 50, r ii 51).

Lexical Associations

buppāni[face down]AV (// ugu[skull])

ugu = [bu-up]-pa-ni (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 11).

eli[on]PRP (// ugu[skull])

ugu = <(e-li)> (MSL 04, 130 r i 59; Rm 0607 r i 3'; RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 7; Iraq 06, 24 o 1; CT 11, pl. 27, BM 093033 r ii 12'; K 02033 (+) K 04573 r i 8'; MSL 03, 094 ST r ii 30).

[ugu]-bi = e-li-šu (Rm 0607 r i 6'; Iraq 06, 24 o 4; K 02033 (+) K 04573 r i 11').

⸢ugu-bi⸣-e-ne-ne = e-li-šu₂-nu (Rm 0607 r i 8').

ugu-bi-ne-ne = e-⸢li⸣-[šu₂-nu] (Iraq 06, 24 o 6).

ugu-bi-zu = <(UGU-šu)> (MSL 04, 130 r ii 20a).

ugu-bi-še₃ = <(UGU-šu)> (MSL 04, 130 r ii 19).

[ugu-me]-⸢en⸣ = e-li-ni (Rm 0607 r i 5'; Iraq 06, 24 o 3; K 02033 (+) K 04573 r i 10').

ugu-na = <(UGU-šu)> (MSL 04, 130 r ii 21).

ugu-ni-še₃ = <(UGU-šu)> (MSL 04, 130 r ii 20b).

[ugu]-zu = e-li-ka (Rm 0607 r i 7'; Iraq 06, 24 o 5).

⸢ugu⸣-zu-⸢e⸣-ne-ne = e-li-⸢ku⸣-nu (Rm 0607 r i 9').

ugu-zu-ne-ne = e-li-[ku-nu] (Iraq 06, 24 o 7).

ugu-zu^!-še₃ = <(UGU-ka)> (MSL 04, 130 r ii 6).

[ugu]-⸢ŋu₁₀⸣ = e-li-ia (Rm 0607 r i 4'; Iraq 06, 24 o 2; K 02033 (+) K 04573 r i 9').

ugu-ŋu₁₀-še₃ = <(UGU-ia)> (MSL 04, 130 r i 64).

ugu₂ = e-li (OB Nippur Diri 300; MSL 15, 008 A r iv 8).

uguₓ(U.SAG) = e-li (Karpeles 01 r ii 51).

muhhu[skull]N (// ugu[skull])

ugu = MIN<(mu-uḫ-ḫu)> (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 6; MSL 03, 094 ST r ii 31).

ugu₂ = mu-uḫ-ḫu (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 5).

ugu₂ = mu-uḫ₂-⸢ḫu-um⸣ (OB Nippur Diri 299; MSL 15, 008 A r iv 7).

ugu₃ = mu-uḫ-ḫu (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 4; Ea 03 49).

uguₓ(U.SAG) = mu-[uḫ₂-ḫu-um] (CUSAS 12, 1.3.1 o 2; Karpeles 01 r ii 50).

qaqqadu[head]N (// ugu[skull])

ugu = [qaq]-qa-du (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 9).

sehpu[covering]N pānu[front]N (// ugu[skull])

ugu = [si-ḫi]-⸢ip⸣ pa-ni (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 12).

x qaqqadu[head]N (// ugu[skull])

ugu = [... qaq^?]-qa-di (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 10).

erištu[demand]N (// ugu[skull] AŠ-AŠ{sar})

ugu AŠ-AŠ^sar = [erištu] (Ura 17 Seg.7, 92).

zīmu[face]N ugāru[(communually controlled) meadow]N (// ugu[skull] AŠ-AŠ{sar})

ugu AŠ-AŠ^sar = [zi-im u₂-ga-ri] (Ura 17 Seg.7, 93).

abātu[run away]V (// ugu[skull] de[pour])

ugu ba-an-⸢de₂⸣-[e^?] = [it-ta-bi]-it (MB Ura 01 Seg.7, 23').

qaqqadu[head]N (// ugu[skull] dig[soft] gig[sick])

[ugu] dig ⸢gig⸣ = qa₃-qa₃-⸢di⸣ (BBVOT 03, 63 o 1).

ME-x muhhu[skull]N (// ugu[skull] gig[sick])

[ugu] gig = ME-[... mu]-uḫ-[ḫi] (BBVOT 03, 63 o 2).

elītu[that which is above]N īnu[eye]N (// ugu[skull] igi[eye])

ugu igi = e-lit i-nim (K 02039 r i 8).

eli[on]PRP išû[have]V (// ugu[skull] tuku[acquire])

ugu-bi an-tuku = e-li-šu₂ i-ši (Rm 0607 r i 10'; Iraq 06, 24 o 8).

eli[on]PRP ul[not]MOD išû[have]V (// ugu[skull] tuku[acquire])

ugu-bi nu-MIN<(tuku)> = MIN<(e-li-šu₂)> ul MIN<(i-ši)> (Rm 0607 r i 11').

tizqāru[exalted one]N (// ugu[skull] zig[rise])

ugu zi-zi = MIN.MIN<(tiz-qa-ru)> (CT 51, pl. 58-60, BM 122629+ o i 14').

x eli[on]PRP i-x-x (// attar[derision] ugu[skull] la[hang])

a-tar ugu-ŋa₂ al-la₂-[e^?] = [... e]-⸢li-ia⸣ i-⸢x-x⸣ (CUSAS 12, 7.1 A o i 12').

baršu[one with patchy hair]N (// lu[person] ugu[skull] zi[cut])

lu₂ ugu ze₂-ze₂ = ba-ar-šum (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.7, 28).

šumēnu[(a stone)]N rabû[big]AJ eli[on]PRP zanānu[rain]V (// šumin[stone] gal[big] ugu[skull] šeŋ[rain])

^na₄<šu>-min₃ gal-⸢gal⸣ ugu-ŋa₂ ab-šeŋ₃ = ⸢šu⸣-mu-un-nu-um ⸢ra⸣-bu-⸢um e⸣-li-⸢ia⸣ iz-nu-un (CUSAS 12, 7.1 A r ii 18').

References for all phrases

ugu[skull]

ugu (MSL 14, 024 Gs o i' 5', o ii' 4'; MSL 14, 29 Ld a i' 16; OB Nippur Ea 310; PBS 05, 115 o ii' 4'; MSL 14, 29 Lb b ii 26'; CUNES 48-06-393 o 1, r 1; MSL 14, 025 Gt r 2; MSL 14, 018 Bb r ii 10).

ugu (TIM 09, 089 r i 7; RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 8).

⸢ugu⸣-[bi] = [...] (MB Ura 01 Seg.6, 10).

ugu-bi-e-ne-⸢ne⸣ = [...] (K 08521 o ii 1).

ugu-bi-ne-⸢ne⸣ = [...] (MB Ura 01 Seg.6, 12; KAL 08, 005 r i 11').

ugu-me-še₃ = a-na ṣe-e-⸢ri⸣-ku-nu (PBS 05, 152, pls.123-4 [OBGT I/1] viii 24=558).

⸢ugu-ne-ne⸣-še₃ = a-na ṣe-e-ri-[šu]-nu (PBS 05, 152, pls.123-4 [OBGT I/1] viii 26=560).

ugu-ni-še₃ (OB Nippur Ki-ulutin-bi-še 60).

ugu-[x] (Emar 6/1, p. 135-136, Msk 731059a + r ii 1, r ii 2, r ii 3, r ii 5, r ii 6, r ii 7).

⸢ugu⸣-[...] = [...] (MB Ura 01 Seg.6, 8).

ugu-⸢x⸣-[...] (Emar 6/1, p. 135-136, Msk 731059a + r ii 4).

⸢ugu⸣-[zu] = [...] (MB Ura 01 Seg.6, 9).

ugu-zu-e-ne-ne = [...] (K 08521 o ii 2; OECT 11, 111 o 1').

ugu-zu-ne-[ne] = [...] (MB Ura 01 Seg.6, 11; KAL 08, 005 r i 10').

<ugu-zu-ne-še₃> = a-na ṣe-e-⸢ri⸣-ku-nu (PBS 05, 152, pls.123-4 [OBGT I/1] viii 24b=558b).

ugu-ŋu₁₀ (OECT 15, 135 1; LoC 007 o 1, r 1; TIM 10, 027 o i 1; HS 1847 r i 1; TIM 10, 078 o i 1; OB Nippur Ugumu 1).

ugu₂ (OB Nippur Diri 301; MSL 15, 008 A r iv 9).

ugu = [bu-up]-pa-ni (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 11).

ugu = <(e-li)> (MSL 04, 130 r i 59; Rm 0607 r i 3'; RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 7; Iraq 06, 24 o 1; CT 11, pl. 27, BM 093033 r ii 12'; K 02033 (+) K 04573 r i 8'; MSL 03, 094 ST r ii 30).

[ugu]-bi = e-li-šu (Rm 0607 r i 6'; Iraq 06, 24 o 4; K 02033 (+) K 04573 r i 11').

⸢ugu-bi⸣-e-ne-ne = e-li-šu₂-nu (Rm 0607 r i 8').

ugu-bi-ne-ne = e-⸢li⸣-[šu₂-nu] (Iraq 06, 24 o 6).

ugu-bi-zu = <(UGU-šu)> (MSL 04, 130 r ii 20a).

ugu-bi-še₃ = <(UGU-šu)> (MSL 04, 130 r ii 19).

[ugu-me]-⸢en⸣ = e-li-ni (Rm 0607 r i 5'; Iraq 06, 24 o 3; K 02033 (+) K 04573 r i 10').

ugu-na = <(UGU-šu)> (MSL 04, 130 r ii 21).

ugu-ni-še₃ = <(UGU-šu)> (MSL 04, 130 r ii 20b).

[ugu]-zu = e-li-ka (Rm 0607 r i 7'; Iraq 06, 24 o 5).

⸢ugu⸣-zu-⸢e⸣-ne-ne = e-li-⸢ku⸣-nu (Rm 0607 r i 9').

ugu-zu-ne-ne = e-li-[ku-nu] (Iraq 06, 24 o 7).

ugu-zu^!-še₃ = <(UGU-ka)> (MSL 04, 130 r ii 6).

[ugu]-⸢ŋu₁₀⸣ = e-li-ia (Rm 0607 r i 4'; Iraq 06, 24 o 2; K 02033 (+) K 04573 r i 9').

ugu-ŋu₁₀-še₃ = <(UGU-ia)> (MSL 04, 130 r i 64).

ugu₂ = e-li (OB Nippur Diri 300; MSL 15, 008 A r iv 8).

uguₓ(U.SAG) = e-li (Karpeles 01 r ii 51).

ugu = MIN<(mu-uḫ-ḫu)> (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 6; MSL 03, 094 ST r ii 31).

ugu₂ = mu-uḫ-ḫu (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 5).

ugu₂ = mu-uḫ₂-⸢ḫu-um⸣ (OB Nippur Diri 299; MSL 15, 008 A r iv 7).

ugu₃ = mu-uḫ-ḫu (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 4; Ea 03 49).

uguₓ(U.SAG) = mu-[uḫ₂-ḫu-um] (CUSAS 12, 1.3.1 o 2; Karpeles 01 r ii 50).

ugu = [qaq]-qa-du (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 9).

ugu = [si-ḫi]-⸢ip⸣ pa-ni (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 12).

ugu = [... qaq^?]-qa-di (RA 017, 201-202 (Th 1905-04-09, 018) r 10).

ugu[skull] AŠ-AŠ{sar}

ugu AŠ-AŠ⸢^sar⸣ = ...] (CT 14, pl. 29, K 08667 pl. 37, K 08727 & CT 19, pl. 50, K 08727 r 23'a, r 23'b).

ugu AŠ-AŠ^sar = [erištu] (Ura 17 Seg.7, 92).

ugu AŠ-AŠ^sar = [zi-im u₂-ga-ri] (Ura 17 Seg.7, 93).

ugu[skull] de[pour]

ugu ba-an-⸢de₂⸣-[e^?] = [it-ta-bi]-it (MB Ura 01 Seg.7, 23').

ugu[skull] dig[soft]

ugu dig-ŋu₁₀ (OECT 15, 135 2; LoC 007 o 2, r 2; HS 1847 r i 2; TIM 10, 078 o i 2; OB Nippur Ugumu 2).

ugu[skull] dig[soft] gig[sick]

[ugu] dig ⸢gig⸣ = qa₃-qa₃-⸢di⸣ (BBVOT 03, 63 o 1).

ugu[skull] gig[sick]

[ugu] gig = ME-[... mu]-uḫ-[ḫi] (BBVOT 03, 63 o 2).

ugu[skull] igi[eye]

ugu igi = e-lit i-nim (K 02039 r i 8).

ugu[skull] lu[person]

[ugu lu₂-ne-ne-še₃] = [a-na ṣe-e]-er an-nu-tim (PBS 05, 152, pls.123-4 [OBGT I/1] v 43=343).

[ugu lu₂-ne-še₃] = a-na ṣe-e-er an-ni-i-im (PBS 05, 152, pls.123-4 [OBGT I/1] v 40=340, v 41=341).

ugu[skull] tuku[acquire]

ugu-bi an-⸢tuku⸣ = [...] (K 08521 o ii 3; MB Ura 01 Seg.6, 13; KAL 08, 005 r i 12').

⸢ugu⸣-bi ba-an-⸢tuku⸣ = [...] (OECT 11, 111 o 2').

ugu-bi nu-an-[tuku] = [...] (K 08521 o ii 4; MB Ura 01 Seg.6, 14).

ugu-bi^! nu^!-ba-an-tuku = [...] (OECT 11, 111 o 3').

⸢ugu-bi⸣ nu-⸢i₃⸣-[tuku] = [...] (KAL 08, 005 r i 13').

⸢ugu⸣-bi nu-⸢tuku⸣ (CBS 01862 r ii 16').

ugu-bi an-tuku = e-li-šu₂ i-ši (Rm 0607 r i 10'; Iraq 06, 24 o 8).

ugu-bi nu-MIN<(tuku)> = MIN<(e-li-šu₂)> ul MIN<(i-ši)> (Rm 0607 r i 11').

ugu[skull] x

⸢ugu⸣ [...] = [...] (LTBA 1, 54 r ii' 16', r ii' 17').

⸢ugu⸣-[bi ...] = [...] (Iraq 06, 24 o 9).

ugu[skull] zig[rise]

ugu zi-zi = MIN.MIN<(tiz-qa-ru)> (CT 51, pl. 58-60, BM 122629+ o i 14').

ugu[skull] zir[break]

⸢ugu ze₂⸣-er-ŋu₁₀ (OB Nippur Ugumu 47).

ugu[skull] ŋešnimbar[palm]

^ŋeš⸢ugu ŋešnimbar⸣ (CUSAS 12, 3.1.1 c iii 42).

ama[mother] ugu[skull]

ama ugu (TMH 8, 07 o i 12; CUNES 51-07-093 o 2; OB Nippur Lu 330).

attar[derision] ugu[skull] la[hang]

⸢a⸣-tar ugu-ŋa₂ al-la₂-e (CUSAS 12, 7.1 B r i 19').

a-tar ugu-ŋa₂ al-la₂-[e^?] = [... e]-⸢li-ia⸣ i-⸢x-x⸣ (CUSAS 12, 7.1 A o i 12').

lu[person] ugu[skull] zi[cut]

lu₂ ugu ze₂-ze₂ = bu-ru-su₂ (MSL 12, 157 A 396).

lu₂ ugu ze₂-ze₂ = ba-ar-šum (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.7, 28).

šumin[stone] gal[big] ugu[skull] šeŋ[rain]

^na₄<šu>-min₃ gal-⸢gal⸣ ugu-ŋa₂ ab-šeŋ₃ = ⸢šu⸣-mu-un-nu-um ⸢ra⸣-bu-⸢um e⸣-li-⸢ia⸣ iz-nu-un (CUSAS 12, 7.1 A r ii 18').

Word ID: o0041181; Citation URL: http://oracc.org/epsd2/o0041181; version 2.7.2 (built 2024-08-31)