mu [YEAR] N (71338x) Early Dynastic IIIa, Early Dynastic IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, unknown wr. mu; mu-mu; mu-u₂; mu-u₃; mu-u₈ "year"

[1]	𒈬	mu
[2]	𒈬𒈬	mu-mu
[3]	𒈬𒌑	mu-u₂
[4]	𒈬𒅇	mu-u₃
[5]	𒈬𒇇	mu-u₈

	ED IIIa	ED IIIb	OAkk	Lag II	Ur III	OB	Post-OB	(unknown)
[1]	6	798	669	24	66538	3161	86	39
[2]			1			6	1
[3]						7		1
[4]					1
[5]

27 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic IIIa (6x/0%)

Early Dynastic IIIb (798x/1%)

Old Akkadian (670x/1%)

Lagash II (24x/0%)

Ur III (66539x/93%)

Old Babylonian (3174x/4%)

Middle Assyrian (4x/0%)

Middle Babylonian (39x/0%)

Neo-Assyrian (25x/0%)

Neo-Babylonian (19x/0%)

unknown (40x/0%)

Senses:

1. year (71338x/100%)

Akk. šattu.

Bibliography

[2003] D. Edzard, Sumerian Grammar 164.

[1995] R. Englund, OrNS 64 394.

[1995] M. Stol, BSA 8 174-175; 177-178.

mu

= šattu (Ea 03 176; CT 12, pl. 30, BM 034950 r i 16'; CUSAS 12, 1.2.1 r i' 32').

= šattum (CT 11, pl. 33, K 10072 o ii 13', o ii 19').

Lexical Associations

rabû[big]AJ (// mu[year])

mu = [ra]-⸢bu⸣-u (CT 11, pl. 33, K 10072 o ii 19').

šattišam[year by year]AV (// mu[year])

mu-mu = šat-[ti-šam] (RA 010, 223 o 12).

šattu[year]N (// mu[year])

mu = ša-[at-tu] (RA 010, 223 o 1; Ea 03 176; MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 7).

mu = ša-tum (MSL 09, 124-137 r iii 58'; MSL SS 1, 070 o 5'; JCS 07, 148 - 176, 58 o i 2'; CT 11, pl. 33, K 10072 o ii 13'; MSL 05, 046 r i 21; N 0970 o 4).

šattu[year]N ana[to]PRP simānu[(right) occasion]N (// mu[year] KI-ALAN-bi)

mu KI-ALAN-bi = MIN<(šat-tum)> ana si-ma-ni-ša₂ (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 9').

šattu[year]N (// mu[year] ana[upper])

mu an-na = ša-na-at (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 14).

[mu] an-na = šat-tum (MSL 05, 046 r i 27).

balāṭu[life]N (// mu[year] bala[turn])

mu bal-la₂^? = ba-la-aṭ (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 12).

mu bala = ba-la-aṭ (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 11).

šattu[year]N darû[lasting]AJ (// mu[year] da-ri-a)

mu da-ri-a = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> da-ri-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 22).

šattu[year]N (// mu[year] diš[one])

[mu diš]-kam₂ = ⸢ša₂-na-at⸣ (K 08521 o i 14).

kalû[all]N šattu[year]N (// mu[year] du[all])

mu du₃-a = ka-la šat-⸢ti⸣ (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 5').

mu du₃-a-bi = ka-la šat-⸢ti⸣ (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 6').

kalû[all]N šattu[year]N (// mu[year] du[all] gub[stand])

mu du₃-a gub-ba = ka-la šat-⸢ti⸣ (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 7').

šattu[year]N ṭābu[good]AJ (// mu[year] dug[good])

mu dug₃-ga = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> ṭa₂-a-ba₂-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 21).

šattu[year]N lemnu[bad]AJ (// mu[year] huluŋal[evil])

mu ḫul-ŋal₂ = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> ⸢le⸣-mu-ut-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 18).

šaddagda[last year]N (// mu[year] imma[last year])

mu im-ma = ša-at-ta-ag-di (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 13).

šaddaqda[last year]AV (// mu[year] imma[last year])

mu im-ma = šad-dag-gat (MSL 05, 046 r i 26).

šattu[year]N dannu[strong]AJ (// mu[year] kalag[strong])

mu kalag-ga = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> dan-na-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 20).

ana[to]PRP balāṭu[life]N (// mu[year] kur[different])

mu kur₂-še₃ = a-na ba-laṭ (MSL 05, 046 r i 24).

balāṭu[life]N (// mu[year] kur[different])

mu gur = ba-la-aṭ (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 10).

šattu[year]N damqu[good]AJ (// mu[year] sag[good])

mu sag₁₀-ga = ša-at-⸢tu⸣ da-mi-iq-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 17).

šattu[year]N ana[to]PRP simānu[(right) occasion]N (// mu[year] saŋ[head])

mu saŋ = šat-tum ana si-ma-ni-⸢ša₂^?⸣ (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 8').

šanû[second]NU šattu[year]N (// mu[year] us[follow])

[mu] ⸢us₂⸣-sa = ša₂-ni-tum MIN<(šat-tum)> (MSL 05, 046 r i 28).

šalšu[third]NU šattu[year]N (// mu[year] us[follow] 3)

mu us₂-sa <3> = 3^tum ša-at-tu (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 16).

šanû[second]NU šattu[year]N (// mu[year] us[follow] min[two])

mu us₂-sa min^na = ša-ni-tu ša-at-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 15).

x-x šattu[year]N (// mu[year] x NI)

[mu] ⸢x⸣ NI = ⸢x-x šat⸣-[ti] (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 2').

kalû[all]N šattu[year]N (// mu[year] zal[pass])

[mu] zal = ka-la šat-[ti^?] (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 4').

taqtītu[termination]N šattu[year]N (// mu[year] zal[pass])

[mu] zal = taq-ti-it ⸢šat⸣-[ti] (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 3').

šattu[year]N i-si₂-ik-tum (// mu[year] {+na}naŋa₃)

mu ^nanaŋa₃^? = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> i-si₂-ik-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 19).

ana[to]PRP idu[arm]N šattu[year]N (// a[arm] mu[year])

⸢a₂⸣ mu-bi-še₃ = a-na i-ti MU-šu₂ MU.KAM-aš ku-uš-ša-an (KBo 01, 42 o i 30').

ana[to]PRP šattu[year]N kiṣru[knot]N x (// zukešed[rent] mu[year])

zu₂-keš₂-še₃^? mu = ana MU ⸢ki⸣-[ṣir ...] (MSL SS 1, p. 060 catalogue 1924-1926 o ii' 4').

ana[to]PRP kiṣru[knot]N šattu[year]N (// zukešed[rent] mu[year] diš[one])

zu₂-keš₂ mu diš-kam₂ = a-⸢na⸣ ki-ṣi-ri ša-at-ti-šu (MB Ura 02 Seg.1, 51).

kiṣru[knot]N šattu[year]N (// zukešed[rent] mu[year] diš[one])

zu₂-⸢keš₂⸣ mu diš-kam₂ = ki-ṣir šat-ti-šu₂ (K 04316+ o i 17').

References for all phrases

mu[year]

mu (IM 070209 o iv 12; OB Nippur Lu 510).

mu = iš-šu (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 3).

mu = [...] (CT 12, pl. 30, BM 034950 r i 16'; MSL SS 1, 002 o ii' 1', o ii' 2').

mu = ⸢x⸣-[...] (MSL SS 1, 070 o 6').

mu = ⸢ša⸣-[...] (CUSAS 12, 1.2.1 r i' 32').

mu-kam (FLP 2485 o 14).

mu-mu-a (OB Nippur Lu 516).

mu = [ra]-⸢bu⸣-u (CT 11, pl. 33, K 10072 o ii 19').

mu-mu = šat-[ti-šam] (RA 010, 223 o 12).

mu = ša-[at-tu] (RA 010, 223 o 1; Ea 03 176; MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 7).

mu = ša-tum (MSL 09, 124-137 r iii 58'; MSL SS 1, 070 o 5'; JCS 07, 148 - 176, 58 o i 2'; CT 11, pl. 33, K 10072 o ii 13'; MSL 05, 046 r i 21; N 0970 o 4).

mu[year] KI-ALAN-bi

mu KI-ALAN-bi = MIN<(šat-tum)> ana si-ma-ni-ša₂ (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 9').

mu[year] Samsuʾiluna[01] lugal[king]

mu sa-am-su-i-lu-na ⸢lugal⸣ (IB 1547 r iv 14).

mu sa-am-su-i-lu-na ⸢lugal⸣-[e] (DoCu 495 r ii 7'; BRM 4, 29 + 30 r v 1').

mu[year] ana[upper]

mu an-na (HS 1781 r 4).

mu an-na = ša-na-at (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 14).

[mu] an-na = šat-tum (MSL 05, 046 r i 27).

mu[year] anŋi[eclipse]

mu an-[ŋi₆] (NMI BK 00554 o 4; HS 1781 r 8).

mu[year] bala[turn]

mu bal-la₂ (HS 1781 r 2).

mu bala (Nippur Nigga 388; OB Nippur Lu 521).

mu bala-bi-še₃ (Nippur Nigga 391).

mu bal-la₂^? = ba-la-aṭ (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 12).

mu bala = ba-la-aṭ (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 11).

mu[year] da-ri-a

mu da-ri-a = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> da-ri-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 22).

mu[year] diš[one]

[mu diš]-kam₂ = ⸢ša₂-na-at⸣ (K 08521 o i 14).

mu[year] du[all]

mu du₃-a = ka-la šat-⸢ti⸣ (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 5').

mu du₃-a-bi = ka-la šat-⸢ti⸣ (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 6').

mu[year] du[all] gub[stand]

mu du₃-a gub-ba = ka-la šat-⸢ti⸣ (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 7').

mu[year] dug[good]

mu dug₃-⸢ga⸣ (TIM 10, 011 o i 1, o i 3).

mu dug₃-[ga] = [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o ii' 15').

mu nu-dug₃-[ga] = [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o ii' 16').

mu dug₃-ga = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> ṭa₂-a-ba₂-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 21).

mu[year] gin[firm]

mu ⸢gin₆⸣-[na] = [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o ii' 13').

mu nu-⸢gin₆⸣-[na] = [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o ii' 14').

mu[year] hulu[bad] ŋal[be]

mu ḫul ŋal₂ (HS 1781 r 7).

mu[year] huluŋal[evil]

mu ḫul-[ŋal₂] (NMI BK 00554 o 3).

mu ḫul-ŋal₂ = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> ⸢le⸣-mu-ut-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 18).

mu[year] imma[last year]

mu im-ma (HS 1781 r 3).

mu im-ma = ša-at-ta-ag-di (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 13).

mu im-ma = šad-dag-gat (MSL 05, 046 r i 26).

mu[year] kalag[strong]

mu kalag-ga = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> dan-na-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 20).

mu[year] kur[different]

mu kur₂ (OB Nippur Lu 513).

mu kur₂-še₃ (HS 1781 r 1).

mu kur₂-še₃ = a-na ba-laṭ (MSL 05, 046 r i 24).

mu gur = ba-la-aṭ (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 10).

mu[year] kur[different] ana[what?] bi₂-eš

mu kur₂ a-na bi₂-eš (OB Nippur Lu 514).

mu[year] meliʾeʾa[exclamation]

mu me-li-[e-a] (OB Nippur Lu 511b).

mu[year] sag[good]

mu sag₁₀-ga = ša-at-⸢tu⸣ da-mi-iq-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 17).

mu[year] saŋ[head]

mu saŋ = šat-tum ana si-ma-ni-⸢ša₂^?⸣ (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 8').

mu[year] us[follow]

mu us₂-[sa] (NMI BK 00554 o 1; HS 1781 r 5).

mu ⸢us₂⸣-[sa] = [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o ii' 12').

[mu] ⸢us₂⸣-sa = ša₂-ni-tum MIN<(šat-tum)> (MSL 05, 046 r i 28).

mu[year] us[follow] 3

mu us₂-sa <3> = 3^tum ša-at-tu (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 16).

mu[year] us[follow] eš[three]

mu us₂-⸢sa⸣ [eš₅] (NMI BK 00554 o 2; HS 1781 r 6).

mu[year] us[follow] min[two]

mu us₂-sa min^na = ša-ni-tu ša-at-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 15).

mu[year] x

mu [...] (NMI BK 00554 o 5).

⸢mu⸣ [...] = [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o ii' 6', o ii' 11').

mu[year] x NI

[mu] ⸢x⸣ NI = ⸢x-x šat⸣-[ti] (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 2').

mu[year] zal[pass]

[mu] zal = ka-la šat-[ti^?] (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 4').

[mu] zal = taq-ti-it ⸢šat⸣-[ti] (CT 19, pl. 01, K 02047 r i 3').

mu[year] {+na}naŋa₃

mu ^nanaŋa₃^? = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> i-si₂-ik-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 19).

a[arm] mu[year]

a₂ mu-bi-še₃ = a-na i-di ša-at-ti-šu (MSL 13, 056 o iii 8).

a₂ mu-u₈-a-še₃ (OB Nippur Izi Tab.II, 65).

⸢a₂⸣ mu-bi-še₃ = a-na i-ti MU-šu₂ MU.KAM-aš ku-uš-ša-an (KBo 01, 42 o i 30').

ab[cow] mu[year] 1(aš)

ab₂ mu 1(aš) (SLT 051 o ii 9').

ab[cow] mu[year] 2(aš)

ab₂ mu 2(aš) (SLT 051 o ii 10').

ab[cow] mu[year] 3(aš)

ab₂ mu 3(aš) (SLT 051 o ii 11').

ab[cow] mu[year] uš[three] bal

ab₂ mu uš ⸢bal⸣ = [...] [...] (UM 29-15-134 r i 4').

amar[young] mu[year] 1(aš)

amar mu 1(aš) (OB Nippur Ura 3 232).

amar[young] mu[year] 2(aš)

amar mu 2(aš) (OB Nippur Ura 3 231).

amar[young] mu[year] 3(aš)

amar mu 3(aš) (OB Nippur Ura 3 230).

bala[turn] mu[year]

bala mu-ka-ni (OB Nippur Izi Tab.II, 461).

eme[donkey] mu[year] 1

MIN<([eme₅])> mu [1^?] (Emar 6/1, p. 251, Msk 74102d r i' 8').

eme[donkey] mu[year] 1(aš)

eme₅ mu 1(aš) (SLT 051 o iii 5').

eme[donkey] mu[year] 2

MIN<([eme₅])> mu [2^?] (Emar 6/1, p. 251, Msk 74102d r i' 7').

eme[donkey] mu[year] 2(aš)

eme₅ mu 2(aš) (SLT 051 o iii 6').

eme[donkey] mu[year] 3

MIN<([eme₅])> mu [3^?] (Emar 6/1, p. 251, Msk 74102d r i' 6').

eme[donkey] mu[year] 3(aš)

eme₅ mu 3(aš) (SLT 051 o iii 7').

gud[ox] mu[year] aš[one]

[gud] mu aš = [...] (Ura 13 Seg.1, 276; CTMMA 2, 055 r ii 50).

gud[ox] mu[year] dili[single]

gud mu dili (MSL 11, A 07895 xi 19).

gud[ox] mu[year] eš[three]

⸢gud⸣ [mu eš₁₆^?] = [...] (Iraq 06, 175-176, 76 r ii 33').

gud [mu] eš₁₆ = x-[...] (Ura 13 Seg.1, 274; CTMMA 2, 055 r ii 48).

gud mu eš₆ (MSL 11, A 07895 xi 17; CUNES 52-10-161 a ii 7').

gud[ox] mu[year] limmu[four]

gud mu limmu (MSL 11, A 07895 xi 16).

gud mu limmu₂ = ru^?-[...] (Ura 13 Seg.1, 273; CTMMA 2, 055 r ii 47).

gud mu ⸢limmu₂⸣ = [...] (Iraq 06, 175-176, 76 r ii 32').

gud[ox] mu[year] min[two]

gud mu min₅ (MSL 11, A 07895 xi 18; CUNES 52-10-161 a ii 6').

[gud mu] min₆ = [...]-x-[x] (Ura 13 Seg.1, 275; CTMMA 2, 055 r ii 49).

gud[ox] mu[year] x-x

gud mu x-[...] (MSL 11, A 07895 xi 21).

zukešed[rent] mu[year]

zu₂-keš₂-še₃^? mu = ana MU ⸢ki⸣-[ṣir ...] (MSL SS 1, p. 060 catalogue 1924-1926 o ii' 4').

zukešed[rent] mu[year] diš-kam₂

zu₂-kešda mu diš^!(UD-)⸢kam₂⸣ = ša-wa-la-we (Syria 12, 234, 08 + Syria 13, 236, 11 i 32').

zukešed[rent] mu[year] diš[one]