lirum [STRENGTH] N (112x) Early Dynastic IIIb, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Persian, unknown wr. lirum; lirum₃; lirum₄; lirum₂; lirum^li-^ru; lirum₅; lirum₆; lirum₇; lirumₓ(GAN₂&GAN₂)-lirumₓ(GAN₂&GAN₂); lirum-lirum; lirum^li-^rum; lirum₈; lirum₈(UR&UR); lirumₓ(GAN₂&GAN₂); lirumₓ(GIŠ%GIŠ.ZA); ^li-^rulirum; ^ŋešlirum "strength, force; (to be) strong, powerful, mighty, great; (to be) resistant, obstinate, combative, quarrelsome; a noble; (crook of the) arm; contest of strength, wrestling; wrestler"

[1]	𒋗𒆗	lirum
[2]	𒄒	lirum₃
[3]	𒀉𒆗	lirum₄
[4]	𒀸	lirum₂
[5]	𒋗𒆗𒇷𒊒	lirum^li-^ru
[6]	𒀉𒀸	lirum₅
[7]	𒉫	lirum₆
[8]	𒆙	lirum₇
[9]	𒃹𒃹𒃹𒃹	lirumₓ(GAN₂&GAN₂)-lirumₓ(GAN₂&GAN₂)
[10]	𒋗𒆗𒋗𒆗	lirum-lirum
[11]	𒋗𒆗𒇷𒀸	lirum^li-^rum
[12]	𒌩	lirum₈
[13]		lirum₈(UR&UR)
[14]	𒃹𒃹	lirumₓ(GAN₂&GAN₂)
[15]	𒄒𒍝𒄒𒍝	lirumₓ(GIŠ%GIŠ.ZA)
[16]	𒇷𒊒𒋗𒆗	^li-^rulirum
[17]	𒄑𒋗𒆗	^ŋeš lirum
+	--ma=m.a (6x/5%).

	PC	ED IIIa	ED IIIb	Ebla	OAkk	Lag II	Ur III	OB	Post-OB	(unknown)
[1]							2	49	19	1
[2]							6	4	2
[3]								1	7
[4]									3
[5]									2
[6]									2
[7]									2
[8]									2
[9]			2
[10]								1
[11]									1
[12]									1
[13]									1
[14]									1
[15]									1
[16]									1
[17]								1

32 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic IIIb (2x/2%)

Ur III (8x/7%)

Old Babylonian (56x/50%)

Middle Assyrian (1x/1%)

Middle Babylonian (10x/9%)

Neo-Assyrian (23x/21%)

Neo-Babylonian (5x/4%)

Persian (6x/5%)

unknown (1x/1%)

Senses:

1. strength, force (85x/76%)

2. (to be) strong, powerful, mighty, great [V/i] (2x/2%)

3. (to be) resistant, obstinate, combative, quarrelsome [V/i] (2x/2%)

4. a noble

5. (crook of the) arm (8x/7%)

6. contest of strength, wrestling (14x/13%)

7. wrestler (1x/1%)

Akk. abaru; dannu; emûqu; gāmiru; kamiru; kirimmu; umašu; šapṣu; šitnunu; šitpuṣu.

Bibliography

[1993] W. Sallaberger, Kalender 178 n838.

lirum

= ga-ma-ru-um (RA 21, 178 iii 3).

= dannu (KBo 26, 012 r 14', r 15', r 16', r 17', r 18', r 19').

= x (K 07779 4').

lirum₂

= x (K 07779 6').

lirum₃

= gāmirum (Ea 04 216).

lirum₄

= abāri (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 3, r 3a, r 3b, r 4, r 4a).

= abāri (MSL 15, Figure 3, 4 IM 124475 r 5, r 6).

lirum₅

= gāmiri (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 5).

= muštapṣu (MSL 15, Figure 3, 4 IM 124475 r 7).

lirum₇

= šitpuṣu (Ea 04 324, 325).

lirum₈(|UR&UR|)

= x (K 07779 5').

lirumₓ(|GAN₂&GAN₂|)

= x (K 07779 3').

lirumₓ(|GIŠ%GIŠ.ZA|)

= x (K 07779 7').

liru₂

= abāru (Ea 02 60).

liru₆

= šapṣu (Ea 05 174).

Lexical Associations

abāru[(a kind of clamp)]N (// lirum[strength])

lirum = a-⸢ba⸣-[ru]-⸢um⸣ (OB Nippur Diri Seg.1, 5; MSL 15, 008 K r ii' 6'; YBC 13524 d 211; KBo 26, 012 r 15').

lirum₄ = a-ba-ri (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 3; MSL 15, Figure 3, 4 IM 124475 r 5).

abāru[strength]N (// lirum[strength])

liru₂ = a-ba-ru (Ea 02 60; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o i 57).

dannu[strong]AJ (// lirum[strength])

lirum = ⸢dan-nu⸣ šu-⸢x⸣-[...] (KBo 26, 012 r 14').

gāmiru[strong one]N (// lirum[strength])

lirum = ga-⸢me^?⸣-[rum] (OECT 04, 152 c ii 16).

lirum₃ = ga-mi-rum (AJSL 33, 170-171 r i 49; Ea 04 216).

lirum₄ = ga-mi-⸢ru⸣ (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 3a; MSL 15, Figure 3, 4 IM 124475 r 6).

lirum₅ = ga-mi-⸢ri⸣ (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 5).

karāṣu[break off]V (// lirum[strength])

lirum = ⸢ki-it⸣-ru-ṣu₂ ⸢x⸣-[...]-⸢x-li-da-du^? x-iš⸣-kan₂ (KBo 26, 012 r 16').

kirimmu[(crook of) arm]N (// lirum[strength])

lirum = ⸢ki-ri-im-mu⸣-[um^?] (OECT 04, 152 c ii 15).

⸢lirum⸣^li-^ru = ki-rim-mu (K 02060+ r ii 7; CT 19, pl. 30-32, K 04352+ r ii 1).

lēʾû[powerful one]N (// lirum[strength])

lirum = le-ḫu-um (OECT 04, 152 c ii 18).

muštapṣu[wrestler]N (// lirum[strength])

lirum = mu-uš-ta-ap-ṣu₂ (YBC 13524 d 212).

lirum = mu-uš-tap-ṣu₂-[um] (OECT 04, 152 c ii 17).

lirum₄ = muš-tap-ṣu (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 4).

lirum₅ = muš-tap-⸢ṣu⸣ (MSL 15, Figure 3, 4 IM 124475 r 7).

šabiṭṭu[staff]N (// lirum[strength])

lirum = ⸢ši-ib⸣-[bi-ṭu] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r iii 24).

šabiṭṭu[staff]N x (// lirum[strength])

lirum = [ši]-ib-⸢bi-ṭu⸣ [...] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r iii 25).

šapāṣu[clasp]V (// lirum[strength])

lirum^li-^rum = ša₂-pa-ṣu (CT 19, pl. 17-19, K 04386+ o i 12').

lirum₄ = šit-tap-⸢ṣu^?⸣ (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 4a).

šapṣu[recalcitrant one]N (// lirum[strength])

lirum = ⸢ša-ap^?⸣-ṣu₂-⸢um^?⸣ (OECT 04, 152 c ii 14).

šapṣu[recalcitrant]AJ (// lirum[strength])

liru₆ = šap-ṣu (Ea 05 174).

šitnunu[combative]AJ (// lirum[strength])

lirum₇ = šit-nu-nu (Ea 04 325).

šitpuṣu[quarrelsome]AJ (// lirum[strength])

liliru = ši-it-pu-ṣu (Ea 07 MA_c).

lirum₇ = šit-pu-ṣu (Ea 04 324).

uš-šu-rum ša[of]DET kirimmu[(crook of) arm]N (// lirum[strength] bad[open])

⸢lirum⸣ bar = uš-šu-rum ša₂ MIN<(ki-rim-mu)> (K 02060+ r ii 8).

wašāru[sink down]V ša[of]DET kirimmu[(crook of) arm]N (// lirum[strength] bad[open])

lirum bar = uš-šu-rum ša₂ MIN<(ki-rim-mu)> (CT 19, pl. 30-32, K 04352+ r ii 2).

paṭāru[loosen]V ša[of]DET kirimmu[(crook of) arm]N (// lirum[strength] duh[loosen])

⸢lirum⸣ duḫ = pa-ṭa-rum ša₂ MIN<(ki-rim-mu)> (K 02060+ r ii 9; CT 19, pl. 30-32, K 04352+ r ii 3).

ramû[slacken]V ša[of]DET kirimmu[(crook of) arm]N (// lirum[strength] tulu[slacken])

⸢lirum⸣ tu-lu = ru-um-mu ša₂ MIN<(ki-rim-mu)> (K 02060+ r ii 10).

lirum tu-lu = ru-um-mu-u ša₂ MIN<(ki-rim-mu)> (CT 19, pl. 30-32, K 04352+ r ii 4).

dannu[strong]AJ (// amar[young] lirum[strength])

[amar] ^li-^rulirum = MIN<(dan-nu)> (Ura 13 Seg.1, 294).

muštapṣu[wrestler]N (// lu[person] lirum[strength])

lu₂ lirum = mu-uš-tap-ṣu₂ (NBC 09830 r i 8).

ša[of]DET abāru[(a kind of clamp)]N (// lu[person] lirum[strength])

⸢lu₂ lirum⸣ = ša a-ba^!(SU-)ri-im (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.5, 4).

lu₂ lirum = ša a-ba-rum (NBC 09830 r i 7).

šabbiṭu[staff]N (// manu[wood] lirum[strength])

^ŋešma-nu lirum = MIN<(šab-bi-ṭu)> (Rm 0367+ r ii 8).

References for all phrases

lirum[strength]

lirum = a-ba-ru-⸢um⸣ (RA 21, 178 iii 4).

lirum = ⸢ga-ma⸣-[ru-um] (RA 21, 178 iii 3).

lirum = ka-⸢x-x⸣ [...] (KBo 26, 012 r 18').

lirum = ⸢ki-it-x^?-x⸣-ZU [...] ma-⸢a-al-ku⸣-u-⸢wa⸣-[ar] (KBo 26, 012 r 17').

lirum = [...] (K 07779 4').

lirum = ⸢x-x⸣-[x] [...] (KBo 26, 012 r 19').

lirum = ⸢šu^?-x-x⸣-[...] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r iii 23).

lirum(ŠU.KAL) = [ki]-⸢ri⸣-mu-um (MSL 14, 122-127 09 1007).

lirum(ŠU.KAL) = ⸢u₂-ma⸣-šum (MSL 14, 122-127 09 1006).

lirum₂ = [...] (K 07779 6').

lirum₄ = ⸢x⸣-[...] (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 3b).

lirum₈(UR&UR) = [...] (K 07779 5').

lirumₓ(GAN₂&GAN₂) = [...] (K 07779 3').

lirumₓ(GIŠ%GIŠ.ZA) = [...] (K 07779 7').

liru₆ = [...] (CT 12, pl. 30, BM 038178 r i' 5').

lirum = a-⸢ba⸣-[ru]-⸢um⸣ (OB Nippur Diri Seg.1, 5; MSL 15, 008 K r ii' 6'; YBC 13524 d 211; KBo 26, 012 r 15').

lirum₄ = a-ba-ri (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 3; MSL 15, Figure 3, 4 IM 124475 r 5).

liru₂ = a-ba-ru (Ea 02 60; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o i 57).

lirum = ⸢dan-nu⸣ šu-⸢x⸣-[...] (KBo 26, 012 r 14').

lirum = ga-⸢me^?⸣-[rum] (OECT 04, 152 c ii 16).

lirum₃ = ga-mi-rum (AJSL 33, 170-171 r i 49; Ea 04 216).

lirum₄ = ga-mi-⸢ru⸣ (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 3a; MSL 15, Figure 3, 4 IM 124475 r 6).

lirum₅ = ga-mi-⸢ri⸣ (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 5).

lirum = ⸢ki-it⸣-ru-ṣu₂ ⸢x⸣-[...]-⸢x-li-da-du^? x-iš⸣-kan₂ (KBo 26, 012 r 16').

lirum = ⸢ki-ri-im-mu⸣-[um^?] (OECT 04, 152 c ii 15).

⸢lirum⸣^li-^ru = ki-rim-mu (K 02060+ r ii 7; CT 19, pl. 30-32, K 04352+ r ii 1).

lirum = le-ḫu-um (OECT 04, 152 c ii 18).

lirum = mu-uš-ta-ap-ṣu₂ (YBC 13524 d 212).

lirum = mu-uš-tap-ṣu₂-[um] (OECT 04, 152 c ii 17).

lirum₄ = muš-tap-ṣu (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 4).

lirum₅ = muš-tap-⸢ṣu⸣ (MSL 15, Figure 3, 4 IM 124475 r 7).

lirum = ⸢ši-ib⸣-[bi-ṭu] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r iii 24).

lirum = [ši]-ib-⸢bi-ṭu⸣ [...] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r iii 25).

lirum^li-^rum = ša₂-pa-ṣu (CT 19, pl. 17-19, K 04386+ o i 12').

lirum₄ = šit-tap-⸢ṣu^?⸣ (JAOS 065, 224-225 PTS 0001 r 4a).

lirum = ⸢ša-ap^?⸣-ṣu₂-⸢um^?⸣ (OECT 04, 152 c ii 14).

liru₆ = šap-ṣu (Ea 05 174).

lirum₇ = šit-nu-nu (Ea 04 325).

liliru = ši-it-pu-ṣu (Ea 07 MA_c).

lirum₇ = šit-pu-ṣu (Ea 04 324).

lirum[strength] abāru[(a kind of clamp)]

lirum(ŠU.KAL) a-ba-rum (Nippur Nigga 224).

lirum[strength] bad[open]

⸢lirum⸣ bar = uš-šu-rum ša₂ MIN<(ki-rim-mu)> (K 02060+ r ii 8).

lirum bar = uš-šu-rum ša₂ MIN<(ki-rim-mu)> (CT 19, pl. 30-32, K 04352+ r ii 2).

lirum[strength] duh[loosen]

⸢lirum⸣ duḫ = pa-ṭa-rum ša₂ MIN<(ki-rim-mu)> (K 02060+ r ii 9; CT 19, pl. 30-32, K 04352+ r ii 3).

lirum[strength] gigir[chariot]

^ŋešlirum gigir (EEN 389 NCBT 1891 o 7).

lirum[strength] ki-ri-mu

lirum(ŠU.KAL) ⸢ki⸣-ri-mu (Nippur Nigga 226).

lirum[strength] mu-uš-ta-ap-ṣu

lirum(ŠU.KAL) mu-uš-ta-ap-ṣu (Nippur Nigga 225).

lirum[strength] tulu[slacken]

⸢lirum⸣ tu-lu = ru-um-mu ša₂ MIN<(ki-rim-mu)> (K 02060+ r ii 10).

lirum tu-lu = ru-um-mu-u ša₂ MIN<(ki-rim-mu)> (CT 19, pl. 30-32, K 04352+ r ii 4).

amar[young] lirum[strength]

amar lirum (OB Nippur Ura 3 228).

[amar] ^li-^rulirum = MIN<(dan-nu)> (Ura 13 Seg.1, 294).

lu[person] lirum[strength]

[lu₂ lirum] = [ša a]-ba-ri (MSL 12, 157 A 320).

lu₂ lirum = mu-uš-tap-ṣu₂ (NBC 09830 r i 8).

⸢lu₂ lirum⸣ = ša a-ba^!(SU-)ri-im (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.5, 4).

lu₂ lirum = ša a-ba-rum (NBC 09830 r i 7).

manu[wood] lirum[strength]

^ŋeš⸢ma-nu lirum^?⸣ = [...] (MSL SS 1, p. 061 catalogue 1924-2023 o 6').

^ŋešma-nu lirum = MIN<(šab-bi-ṭu)> (Rm 0367+ r ii 8).

Word ID: o0033186; Citation URL: http://oracc.org/epsd2/o0033186; version 2.7.2 (built 2024-08-31)