kaskal [WAY] N (1364x) Early Dynastic I-II, Early Dynastic IIIa, Early Dynastic IIIb, Ebla, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Hellenistic, unknown wr. kaskal; kaskal-kaskal; kaskal^zabar; kas-kal "way, road; journey, caravan; military campaign"

See kaskal šu niŋina[formula for a trip of several stages]N, lukur kaskalak[wife]N.

[1]	𒆜	kaskal
[2]	𒆜𒆜	kaskal-kaskal
[3]	𒆜𒌓𒅗𒁇	kaskal ^zabar
[4]	𒆜𒆗	kas-kal
+	--la=l.a (64x/5%); --la₂=l.a (1x/0%).

	PC	ED IIIa	ED IIIb	Ebla	OAkk	Lag II	Ur III	OB	Post-OB	(unknown)
[1]	1	7	16	2	39	14	1039	188	41	10
[2]							3	1
[3]								2
[4]									1

36 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic I-II (1x/0%)

Early Dynastic IIIa (7x/1%)

Early Dynastic IIIb (16x/1%)

Ebla (2x/0%)

Old Akkadian (39x/3%)

Lagash II (14x/1%)

Ur III (1042x/76%)

Old Babylonian (191x/14%)

Middle Assyrian (6x/0%)

Middle Babylonian (8x/1%)

Neo-Assyrian (13x/1%)

Neo-Babylonian (12x/1%)

Hellenistic (3x/0%)

unknown (10x/1%)

Senses:

1. way, road (1337x/98%)

2. journey, caravan (19x/1%)

3. military campaign (8x/1%)

Akk. harrānu.

Bibliography

[2006] P. Notizia, OrNS 75 323-327.

kaskal

= harrānu (Ea 01 278).

= harrānu (BM 023645 r ii 3).

Lexical Associations

gerru[way]N (// kaskal[way])

kaskal = ⸢ger⸣-[ru] (MSL 05, 046 r ii 36).

harrānu[path]N (// kaskal[way])

harrānu[way]N (// kaskal[way])

⸢kaskal⸣ = ḫar-ra-nu (K 02056 o i 32'; CT 35, pl. 01-08, BM 108862 r i 70; MSL 09, 124-137 r ii 54'; K 04342 o ii 23'; RA 010, 223 r 5'; Ea 01 278; MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 82; CT 19, pl. 02, K 09961+ r i 14'''; MSL SS 1, p. 060 catalogue 1924-1860 o ii' 5'; MSL 05, 046 r ii 37; BM 023645 r ii 3).

harrānu[way]N nesû[far]AJ (// kaskal[way] ki[place] bad[open])

kaskal ki bad-ra₂ = MIN<(ḫar-ra-nu)> MIN<(ne₂-su-tu)> (RA 010, 223 r 9').

harrānu[way]N rūqu[distant]AJ (// kaskal[way] ki[place] bad[open])

kaskal ki bad-ra₂ = MIN<(ḫar-ra-nu)> MIN<(ru-uq-tu)> (RA 010, 223 r 8').

harrānu[way]N nesû[far]AJ (// kaskal[way] sud[distant])

kaskal sud-ra₂ = MIN<(ḫar-ra-nu)> ne₂-su-⸢tu⸣ (RA 010, 223 r 7').

harrānu[way]N rūqu[distant]AJ (// kaskal[way] sud[distant])

kaskal sud-ra₂ = MIN<(ḫar-ra-nu)> ru-uq-⸢tu⸣ (RA 010, 223 r 6').

šiʾītu[neighbour (f.)]N (// dam[spouse] kaskal[way])

[dam] ⸢kaskal^?⸣ = MIN<(še-eʾ-i-tum)> (MSL SS 1, 069 o i' 5'; Iraq 06, 13 o i' 20'; OECT 11, 129 o 5'; MSL SS 1, 071 o i' 6').

dam kaskal-⸢la⸣ = ⸢MIN⸣<(še-eʾ-i-tum)> (Iraq 06, 01 + 11 o iii 10).

paltingu[(travelling-chair)]N (// guza[chair] kaskal[way] Elam[1])

^ŋešgu-za kaskal elam-ma^ki = pal-⸢tin^?-gu⸣ MIN<(ku-us-si)> ge-er-ri (RA 17, 133, K 04161+ o i 34).

akalu[bread]N harrānu[way]N (// ninda[bread] kaskal[way])

ninda kaskal-la = a-ka-al ⸢ḫar⸣-[ra-ni] (OECT 04, 152 d i 43).

ṣidītu[(travel) provisions]N (// ninda[bread] kaskal[way])

ninda kaskal-la = ṣi-di-⸢tum⸣ (OECT 04, 152 d i 42).

harhadû[lyre]N (// tigidlu[instrument] kaskal[way])

⸢MIN⸣<(tigidla)> ⸢kaskal^?⸣-[la^?] = ḫar-ḫa-du-tu (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r ii 24).

imēru[donkey]N (// šuʾa[stool] kaskal[way])

^ŋeššu₂-a kaskal = ⸢i⸣-[me-ri] [...] (SpTU 2, 053 o ii 20').

References for all phrases

kaskal[way]

kaskal (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 249; PBS 12, 04 r ii 1).

kaskal = ⸢ger⸣-[ru] (MSL 05, 046 r ii 36).

⸢kaskal⸣ = ḫar-ra-nu (K 02056 o i 32'; CT 35, pl. 01-08, BM 108862 r i 70; MSL 09, 124-137 r ii 54'; K 04342 o ii 23'; RA 010, 223 r 5'; Ea 01 278; MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 82; CT 19, pl. 02, K 09961+ r i 14'''; MSL SS 1, p. 060 catalogue 1924-1860 o ii' 5'; MSL 05, 046 r ii 37; BM 023645 r ii 3).

kaskal[way] erim[enemy]

kaskal erim₂ (ED Personal Names and Professions 243; MEE 03, 043 o iii 9b, r ii 11b).

kaskal[way] ki[place] bad[open]

kaskal ki bad-ra₂ = MIN<(ḫar-ra-nu)> MIN<(ne₂-su-tu)> (RA 010, 223 r 9').

kaskal ki bad-ra₂ = MIN<(ḫar-ra-nu)> MIN<(ru-uq-tu)> (RA 010, 223 r 8').

kaskal[way] sud[distant]

kaskal sud-ra₂ = MIN<(ḫar-ra-nu)> ne₂-su-⸢tu⸣ (RA 010, 223 r 7').

kaskal sud-ra₂ = MIN<(ḫar-ra-nu)> ru-uq-⸢tu⸣ (RA 010, 223 r 6').

bulug[needle] kaskal[way]

bulug kaskal^zabar (AUCT 5, 190 o 3; ROM 910x209.074 o 8').

dam[spouse] kaskal[way]

dam kaskal (Emar 6/1, p. 135-136, Msk 731059a + o ii 31').

⸢dam kaskal^?⸣ = [...] (SCIAMVS 05, 058 no. 35 o ii' 8').

[dam] ⸢kaskal^?⸣ = MIN<(še-eʾ-i-tum)> (MSL SS 1, 069 o i' 5'; Iraq 06, 13 o i' 20'; OECT 11, 129 o 5'; MSL SS 1, 071 o i' 6').

dam kaskal-⸢la⸣ = ⸢MIN⸣<(še-eʾ-i-tum)> (Iraq 06, 01 + 11 o iii 10).

guza[chair] kaskal[way]

^ŋešgu-za ⸢kaskal⸣ (KBo 26, 005 + (?) KBo 26, 6 b iii 12'; Education in the Earliest Schools no. 019 r ii 49; Emar 6/1, p. 105-109, Msk 731030 o v 34'; OB Nippur Ura 1 170; TIM 10, 007 o i 2; EEN 282, BM 080790 o 8'; CUSAS 12, 3.1.13 o ii 11'; PBS 12/1, 17 8).

guza[chair] kaskal[way] Elam[1]

^ŋešgu-za kaskal elam-ma^ki = pal-⸢tin^?-gu⸣ MIN<(ku-us-si)> ge-er-ri (RA 17, 133, K 04161+ o i 34).

muš[snake] kaskal[way]

muš kaskal (MSL 11, A 07895 x 23).

ninda[bread] kaskal[way]

ninda kaskal-la = a-ka-al ⸢ḫar⸣-[ra-ni] (OECT 04, 152 d i 43).

ninda kaskal-la = ṣi-di-⸢tum⸣ (OECT 04, 152 d i 42).

tigidlu[instrument] kaskal[way]

^ŋeštigidla kaskal (CUSAS 12, 3.1.1 b iv 11).

^ŋeštigidla kaskal-la (OB Nippur Ura 1 614).

⸢MIN⸣<(tigidla)> ⸢kaskal^?⸣-[la^?] = ḫar-ḫa-du-tu (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r ii 24).

x-x-šub peš[comb] kaskal[way]

[...]-⸢x⸣-šub peš kaskal-am₃ (AOAT 275, 401, BM 054628 o 10).

šuʾa[stool] kaskal[way]

[^ŋeššu₂-a] kaskal (CUNES 50-02-067 o i 2', o ii 2'; Education in the Earliest Schools no. 019 r iv 8; PBS 12/1, 17 r 8).

^ŋeššu₂-a [kaskal] = [...] (K 04594 o? ii' 11').

^ŋeššu₂-a kaskal-la (OB Nippur Ura 1 209).

^ŋeššu₂-a ⸢kaskal⸣-[la^?] = [...] (Emar 6/1, p. 273, Msk 74107u o ii' 5).

^ŋeššu₂-a kaskal = ⸢i⸣-[me-ri] [...] (SpTU 2, 053 o ii 20').

Word ID: o0031651; Citation URL: http://oracc.org/epsd2/o0031651; version 2.7.2 (built 2024-08-31)