kalag [STRONG] V/i (4950x) Early Dynastic IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Hellenistic, unknown wr. kalag; kal-la; kalag-kalag; kalag-ga; kal-la-ge; kala-ga-e; ak-lu; ka-la-ak-ka; ka-la-ga "(to be) strong, powerful, mighty; to reinforce; to provide for; to deliver promptly"

[1]	𒆗	kalag
[2]	𒆗𒆷	kal-la
[3]	𒆗𒆗	kalag-kalag
[4]	𒆗𒂵	kalag-ga
[5]	𒆗𒆷𒄀	kal-la-ge
[6]	𒆗𒂵𒂊	kala-ga-e
[7]	𒀝𒇻	ak-lu
[8]	𒅗𒆷𒀝𒅗	ka-la-ak-ka
[9]	𒅗𒆷𒂵	ka-la-ga
+	--ga=g.a (4733x/96%); --ge=g+e (4x/0%); --ge=g.e (27x/1%); --ge₂=g.e (3x/0%); --la=l.a (1x/0%).

	PC	ED IIIa	ED IIIb	Ebla	OAkk	Lag II	Ur III	OB	Post-OB	(unknown)
[1]			8		18	48	4132	545	124	31
[2]								13	1	3
[3]							6	4	4
[4]						1		5
[5]									2
[6]								2
[7]								1
[8]							1
[9]								1

111 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic IIIb (8x/0%)

Old Akkadian (18x/0%)

Lagash II (49x/1%)

Ur III (4139x/84%)

Old Babylonian (571x/12%)

Middle Babylonian (34x/1%)

Neo-Assyrian (45x/1%)

Neo-Babylonian (18x/0%)

Hellenistic (34x/1%)

unknown (34x/1%)

Verbal prefixes: V ; V.b ; V.m ; V.n ; V.na ; V.na.b ; al ; ga.mu.n ; ha.V.m.ta ; ha.V.n ; ha.V.ne.b ; ha.V.ši ; ha.Vmma.i.n ; ha.i.b.ši ; ha.i.m.ši ; ha.mu ; inga ; mu ; mu.n ; mu.na ; mu.ra.b ; mu.ta.ni ; na.V.m ; nu ; nu.mu.n.da ; nu.mu.na ; nu.mu.na.b ; nu.na.b .

Senses:

1. (to be) strong, powerful, mighty (4940x/100%)

2. to reinforce [V/t] (2x/0%)

3. to provide for [V/t] (8x/0%)

4. to deliver promptly [V/t]

Akk. dannu; kubbû.

Bibliography

[2005] J. Taylor RA 99: 32

[1993-94] R. de Maaijer JEOL 33 128

[2008] L. Allred, Studies Sigrist 13 wn7

kal

= dannu (Ea 04 302).

Lexical Associations

akṣu[brazen one]N (// kalag[strong])

kalag = ak-ṣu (CT 11, pl. 29-32, DT 040 r ii 16).

dannu[strong one]N (// kalag[strong])

kalag = dan-nu (CT 11, pl. 29-32, DT 040 r ii 17).

dannu[strong]AJ (// kalag[strong])

kal = dan-nu (AJSL 33, 170-171 r ii 50; Ea 04 302).

danānu[be(come) strong]V (// kalag[strong])

⸢kalag⸣-ga = da-na-nu (K 04341 i 22').

enšu[weak]AJ (// kalag[strong])

kal-la = en-šu-um (TCL 06, 35 r i 26).

wašṭu[stiff one]N (// kalag[strong])

kalag = aš₂-ṭu (CT 11, pl. 29-32, DT 040 r ii 16a).

Gilgameš[1]DN (// kalag[strong] imin[seven])

kalag-ga imin = ^dGILGAMEŠ₂ (CT 18, pl. 29-30, K 02054 r ii 6).

muqtablu[fighter]N (// kalag[strong] imin[seven])

kalag-ga imin = muq-tab-lu (CT 18, pl. 29-30, K 02054 r ii 7).

āliku[goer]N pānu[front]N (// kalag[strong] imin[seven])

kalag-ga imin = a-lik pa-na (CT 18, pl. 29-30, K 02054 r ii 8).

mahīru[price]N dannu[strong]AJ (// x kalag[strong])

[... kalag]-⸢ga⸣ = MIN<(ma-ḫi-ru)> dan-[nu] (Iraq 06, 31 o i' 3').

dannu[strong]AJ (// amar[young] kalag[strong])

[amar] kalag-ga = dan-nu (Ura 13 Seg.1, 292; CTMMA 2, 055 r iii 11a).

dannu[strong]AJ (// amar[young] šu[hand] kalag[strong])

amar šu kalag-ga = MIN<(dan-nu)> (Ura 13 Seg.1, 293; CTMMA 2, 055 r iii 11b).

ṣabāru[bend]V ša[of]DET īku[dyke]N (// eg[levee] kalag[strong])

eg₂ kalag-kalag-ga = MIN<(ṣu-ub-bu-ru)> ša₂ i-ki (CT 12, pl. 40-41, K 00039 o ii 2).

dannu[strong]AJ (// gud[ox] kalag[strong])

gud kalag-ga = dan-ni (Iraq 06, 175-176, 76 r ii 27').

gud kalag-ga = dan-nu (Ura 13 Seg.1, 269; CTMMA 2, 055 r ii 44a).

dannu[strong one]N (// im[clay] kalag[strong])

⸢im⸣ kalag-ga = dan-nu (CT 19, pl. 01, K 00055 r i 16).

isikku[hard one?]N (// im[clay] kalag[strong])

im kalag-ga = i-sik-ku (CT 19, pl. 01, K 00055 r i 15).

kuššikku[a clay]N (// im[clay] kalag[strong])

⸢im⸣ kalag-ga = kuš-šik-ku (CT 19, pl. 01, K 00055 r i 17).

wašṭu[stiff one]N (// im[clay] kalag[strong])

im kalag-ga = aš₂-ṭu (CT 19, pl. 01, K 00055 r i 14).

bāṣu[sand]N (// im[clay] zid[right] kalag[strong])

im zid kalag-ga = ba-aṣ-ṣi (Iraq 06, 71 r ii 5').

bāṣu[sand]N (// im[clay] zid[right] šag[heart] kalag[strong])

im zid ⸢šag₄⸣ kalag-ga = MIN<(ba-aṣ-ṣi)> (Iraq 06, 71 r ii 6').

pišiltu[(a clay lump)]N (// im[clay] šag[heart] kalag[strong])

im šag₄ kalag-ga = pi-sil-tum (Iraq 06, 71 r i 16').

šadânu[haematite]N dannu[strong]AJ (// kagina[stone] kalag[strong])

[MIN<(ka-gi-na)> kalag-ga] = MIN<(ša-da-nu)> dan-nu (Emar 6/2, p. 576, Msk 74248c o i 5; Emar 6/2, p. 501, Msk 74203e o i 5).

^na₄ka-gi-na kalag-ga = MIN<(ša₂-da-nu)> dan-nu (TCL 06, 36 o i 6; Ura 16 Seg.1, 6).

apītu[(a kind of fallow land)]N (// ki[place] kalag[strong])

[ki] kalag = ⸢a⸣-[pi-tum] (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1711 o 3'; Iraq 06, 20 o 6'; Iraq 06, 19 o ii' 6'; MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1679 o 5').

ašartu[waste land]N (// ki[place] kalag[strong])

⸢ki kalag⸣ = a-šar-⸢tum⸣ (Iraq 06, 21 o i' 8').

dannatu[fortress]N (// ki[place] kalag[strong])

[ki] ⸢kalag⸣ = dan-<na^?>-⸢tum⸣ (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1679 o 7').

dannu[strong]AJ (// ki[place] kalag[strong])

[ki] kalag = dan-⸢na⸣-[tum] (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1711 o 5'; Iraq 06, 20 o 8'; Iraq 06, 19 o ii' 8'; Iraq 06, 21 o i' 9').

kikallû[hard ground]N (// ki[place] kalag[strong])

ki kalag = ŠU<(kikallû)>^u (Iraq 06, 20 o 5'; Iraq 06, 19 o ii' 5'; MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1679 o 4').

nidûtu[abandonment]N (// ki[place] kalag[strong])

ki kalag = ni-⸢du⸣-[tum] (Iraq 06, 19 o ii' 7').

turballû[bare ground]N (// ki[place] kalag[strong])

ki kalag = ⸢tur⸣-[ba-lu-u₂] (Iraq 06, 20 o 4').

ina[in]PRP PI-ZA-ar-tim maqātu[fall]V (// ki[place] kalag[strong] šub[fall])

⸢ki^? kalag⸣-ga ⸢ḫa⸣-ba-šub = i-na PI-ZA-ar-tim li-im-qu₂-ut (CUSAS 12, 7.1 A r iii 17').

ša[that]REL libbu[inner body]N dannu[strong]AJ (// lu[person] šag[heart] kalag[strong])

lu₂ šag₄ kalag-ga = ša li-ib-ba-šu da-an-nu (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 164).

giškallu[(a heavy stick)]N (// manu[wood] kalag[strong])

^ŋešma-nu kalag-ga = MIN<(giš-kal-lu)> (Rm 0367+ r ii 6).

^ŋešma-nu ⸢kalag-ga⸣ = MIN<(giškallum)> (MSL SS 1, 008 o ii' 19').

šabbiṭu[staff]N (// manu[wood] kalag[strong])

[^ŋešma]-⸢nu kalag-ga⸣ = šab-bi-ṭu (MSL SS 1, 015 r ii' 1; MSL SS 1, 008 o ii' 20'; Rm 0367+ r ii 7).

šabbiṭu[staff]N (// manu[wood] šu[hand] kalag[strong])

[^ŋešma-nu] ⸢šu⸣ <kalag>-⸢ga⸣ = MIN<(šab-bi-ṭu)> (MSL SS 1, 015 r ii' 2).

šattu[year]N dannu[strong]AJ (// mu[year] kalag[strong])

mu kalag-ga = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> dan-na-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 20).

šuparruru[spread out one]N (// sa[net] kalag[strong])

[^ŋešsa kalag]-⸢ga⸣ = šu^!-par-ru-[uš-tum] [...] (SpTU 2, 053 r ii 48).

^ŋešsa kalag-ga = šu-par-ru-uš-tum MIN<(še-e-tum)> ša₂ ^lu₂MUŠEN.DU₃ (RA 28, 132, K 00242+ o i 21').

dannu[strong one]N (// urud[copper] kalag[strong])

urud kalag-⸢ga⸣ = dan-nu (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 27).

uššu[(a copper vessel)]N dannu[strong]AJ (// urud[copper] kalag[strong])

urud kalag-ga = uš-šu dan-nu (BM 085983 o iv 12).

werû[copper]N dannu[strong one]N (// urud[copper] kalag[strong])

werû[copper]N dannu[strong]AJ (// urud[copper] kalag[strong])

urud kalag-ga = MIN<(e-ru-u₂)> dan-nu (Ura 11 section 3, 98; Rm 2, 583 r ii 17'; MSL SS 1, 030 o 15').

mahīru[price]N dannu[strong]AJ (// šakanka[market] kalag[strong])

šakanka kalag-ga = ma-ḫi-rum da-an-nu (MB Ura 02 Seg.1, 116).

References for all phrases

kalag[strong]

kalag = ⸢da⸣-an-nu-um (MSL 14, 122-127 09 1011).

kalag-ga (OB Nippur Lu 771).

kalag = ak-ṣu (CT 11, pl. 29-32, DT 040 r ii 16).

kalag = dan-nu (CT 11, pl. 29-32, DT 040 r ii 17).

kal = dan-nu (AJSL 33, 170-171 r ii 50; Ea 04 302).

⸢kalag⸣-ga = da-na-nu (K 04341 i 22').

kal-la = en-šu-um (TCL 06, 35 r i 26).

kalag = aš₂-ṭu (CT 11, pl. 29-32, DT 040 r ii 16a).

kalag[strong] imin[seven]

kalag-ga imin = ^dGILGAMEŠ₂ (CT 18, pl. 29-30, K 02054 r ii 6).

kalag-ga imin = muq-tab-lu (CT 18, pl. 29-30, K 02054 r ii 7).

kalag-ga imin = a-lik pa-na (CT 18, pl. 29-30, K 02054 r ii 8).

x kalag[strong]

[...] ib₂-kalag-ge₂ (AOAT 275, 401, BM 054628 o 2).

[...] ⸢kalag^?⸣-[ga] = [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o i' 1').

[... kalag]-⸢ga⸣ = MIN<(ma-ḫi-ru)> dan-[nu] (Iraq 06, 31 o i' 3').

a[arm] kalag[strong]

a₂ kalag-ga (OB Nippur Izi Tab.II, 46).

a₂ kalag-ga = [...] (K 04314 o ii' 33').

a[water] kalag[strong]

a kalag-ga (OB Nippur Kagal 326).

aga[rear] kalag[strong]

a-ga kalag-[ga] (Education in the Earliest Schools no. 137 o 6; OB Nippur Lu 632).

amar[young] kalag[strong]

[amar] kalag-ga = dan-nu (Ura 13 Seg.1, 292; CTMMA 2, 055 r iii 11a).

amar[young] šu[hand] kalag[strong]

amar šu kalag-ga = MIN<(dan-nu)> (Ura 13 Seg.1, 293; CTMMA 2, 055 r iii 11b).

ašag[field] a[water] kalag[strong]

a-šag₄ a kalag-ga (OB Nippur Ura 5 90).

eg[levee] kalag[strong]

eg₂ kalag-kalag-ga = MIN<(ṣu-ub-bu-ru)> ša₂ i-ki (CT 12, pl. 40-41, K 00039 o ii 2).

erin[people] kalag[strong]

erin₂ ⸢kalag⸣-ga (OrNS 70, 210-211 r ii 14).

gi[reed] kalag[strong]

gi kalag (OB Nippur Ura 2 148; 31719_02 o 2).

gud[ox] kalag[strong]

gud kalag-ga = dan-ni (Iraq 06, 175-176, 76 r ii 27').

gud kalag-ga = dan-nu (Ura 13 Seg.1, 269; CTMMA 2, 055 r ii 44a).

guru[shield] kalag[strong]

^kušgurₓ(TUM) kalag-ga (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o iii 8; ASJ 09, 289-291 o ii 29'; Emar 6/1, p. 264-265, Msk 74105a o iii 2').

guru[shield] kalag[strong] niŋin[encircle]

^kušgurₓ(TUM) kalag-ga niŋin₂^!-na (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o iii 9; Emar 6/1, p. 264-265, Msk 74105a o iii 3').

guru[shield] kalag[strong] x-x

[^kušgurₓ(TUM) kalag]-⸢ga x⸣-[x] (ASJ 09, 289-291 o ii 30').

im[clay] kalag[strong]

im kalag (OB Nippur Ura 2 334; MSL 07, 209 V01 r i 7, r i 8).

⸢im⸣ kalag-ga = dan-nu (CT 19, pl. 01, K 00055 r i 16).

im kalag-ga = i-sik-ku (CT 19, pl. 01, K 00055 r i 15).

⸢im⸣ kalag-ga = kuš-šik-ku (CT 19, pl. 01, K 00055 r i 17).

im kalag-ga = aš₂-ṭu (CT 19, pl. 01, K 00055 r i 14).

im[clay] zid[right] kalag[strong]

im zid kalag-ga = ba-aṣ-ṣi (Iraq 06, 71 r ii 5').

im[clay] zid[right] šag[heart] kalag[strong]

im zid ⸢šag₄⸣ kalag-ga = MIN<(ba-aṣ-ṣi)> (Iraq 06, 71 r ii 6').

im[clay] šag[heart] kalag[strong]

im šag₄ kalag-ga = pi-sil-tum (Iraq 06, 71 r i 16').

inim[word] kalag[strong]

inim kalag-ga (MSLSSI, 17-27 iii 12).

kagina[stone] kalag[strong]

[^na₄ka]-⸢gi⸣-na kalag-ga (AlT 447 4; IB 1624 i 03).

[MIN<(ka-gi-na)> kalag-ga] = MIN<(ša-da-nu)> dan-nu (Emar 6/2, p. 576, Msk 74248c o i 5; Emar 6/2, p. 501, Msk 74203e o i 5).

^na₄ka-gi-na kalag-ga = MIN<(ša₂-da-nu)> dan-nu (TCL 06, 36 o i 6; Ura 16 Seg.1, 6).

ki[place] kalag[strong]

ki kalag = e-⸢x⸣-[x] (Iraq 06, 20 o 7').

[ki] kalag = ⸢ter₄^?⸣-[tum] (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1711 o 4'; MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1679 o 6').

[ki] kalag = [...] (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1711 o 2'; Iraq 06, 20 o 1', o 2', o 3'; OECT 11, 131 o i 1', o i 2').

[ki] kalag = ⸢a⸣-[pi-tum] (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1711 o 3'; Iraq 06, 20 o 6'; Iraq 06, 19 o ii' 6'; MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1679 o 5').

⸢ki kalag⸣ = a-šar-⸢tum⸣ (Iraq 06, 21 o i' 8').

[ki] ⸢kalag⸣ = dan-<na^?>-⸢tum⸣ (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1679 o 7').

[ki] kalag = dan-⸢na⸣-[tum] (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1711 o 5'; Iraq 06, 20 o 8'; Iraq 06, 19 o ii' 8'; Iraq 06, 21 o i' 9').

ki kalag = ŠU<(kikallû)>^u (Iraq 06, 20 o 5'; Iraq 06, 19 o ii' 5'; MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1679 o 4').

ki kalag = ni-⸢du⸣-[tum] (Iraq 06, 19 o ii' 7').

ki kalag = ⸢tur⸣-[ba-lu-u₂] (Iraq 06, 20 o 4').

ki[place] kalag[strong] šub[fall]

⸢ki^? kalag⸣-ga ⸢ḫa⸣-ba-šub = i-na PI-ZA-ar-tim li-im-qu₂-ut (CUSAS 12, 7.1 A r iii 17').

kugbabbar[silver] kalag[strong]

kug-babbar kalag^!-ga (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 r iii 37; OB Nippur Ura 2 593; HS 1633 o 11).

lu[person] kalag[strong]

[lu₂ kalag-ga] = da-an-nu-um (MSL 12, 157 A 163).

lu[person] šag[heart] kalag[strong]

lu₂ šag₄ kalag-ga = ša li-ib-ba-šu da-an-nu (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 164).

manu[wood] kalag[strong]

^ŋeš[ma]-nu kalag (EEN 279 VAT 06588 o ii 13').

^ŋešma-nu ⸢kalag^?⸣ = [...] (MSL SS 1, p. 061 catalogue 1924-2023 o 4', o 5').

^ŋešma-nu kalag-ga (Emar 6/1, p. 105-109, Msk 731030 o ii 36).

^ŋešma-nu kalag-kalag (Anonymous 447996 o iv 20; Emar 6/1, p. 105-109, Msk 731030 o ii 37).

^ŋešma-nu kalag-ga = MIN<(giš-kal-lu)> (Rm 0367+ r ii 6).

^ŋešma-nu ⸢kalag-ga⸣ = MIN<(giškallum)> (MSL SS 1, 008 o ii' 19').

[^ŋešma]-⸢nu kalag-ga⸣ = šab-bi-ṭu (MSL SS 1, 015 r ii' 1; MSL SS 1, 008 o ii' 20'; Rm 0367+ r ii 7).

manu[wood] ŋeš[tree] kalag[strong]

^ŋešma-nu ŋeš kalag (Emar 6/1, p. 105-109, Msk 731030 o ii 38).

⸢^ŋeš⸣ma-nu ŋeš kalag-ga (Syria 12, pl. 46-47, 03 + pl. 47, 04 o ii 14).

manu[wood] šu[hand] kalag[strong]

[^ŋešma-nu] ⸢šu⸣ <kalag>-⸢ga⸣ = MIN<(šab-bi-ṭu)> (MSL SS 1, 015 r ii' 2).

mu[year] kalag[strong]

mu kalag-ga = MIN<(ša-at-tu)> dan-na-tum (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 20).

sa.KU[arm] kalag[strong]

sa-KU kalag-ga (Nippur Nigga 309; MSL 13, pp. 93, 113 K r ii 8).

sa[net] kalag[strong]

[^ŋešsa kalag]-⸢ga⸣ = šu^!-par-ru-[uš-tum] [...] (SpTU 2, 053 r ii 48).

^ŋešsa kalag-ga = šu-par-ru-uš-tum MIN<(še-e-tum)> ša₂ ^lu₂MUŠEN.DU₃ (RA 28, 132, K 00242+ o i 21').

tug[textile] kalag[strong]

tug₂ kal-[kal-la] = [...] (CT 12, pl. 39, K 07697 r i' 24').

urud[copper] kalag[strong]

urud kalag-ga (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o v 7; ASJ 09, 289-291 o iv 23').

urud kalag-⸢ga⸣ = dan-nu (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 27).

urud kalag-ga = uš-šu dan-nu (BM 085983 o iv 12).

urud kalag-ga = MIN<(e-ru-u₂)> dan-nu (Ura 11 section 3, 98; Rm 2, 583 r ii 17'; MSL SS 1, 030 o 15').

šakanka[market] kalag[strong]

šakanka(KI.LAM) kalag-ga (BM 067389 o ii 13').

šakanka kalag-ga = ma-ḫi-rum da-an-nu (MB Ura 02 Seg.1, 116).

Word ID: o0031537; Citation URL: http://oracc.org/epsd2/o0031537; version 2.7.2 (built 2024-08-31)