guru [SHIELD] N (149x) Early Dynastic IIIb, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Hellenistic wr. ^kušguru₂₁; ^kušguru₂₁^ur₃; ^kušguruₓ(TUM); ^eur₃; E; ^tug₂guru₂₁; guru₂₁; ku₃-ru; ur₂; ^ŋeš^kušZIG^ur₃; guruₓ(E.TUM.GA₂×(NUN&NUN)); ^kušburu₄^mušen; ^ŋeš^kušZIG "shield; belt"

[1]	𒋢𒂊𒌈	^kuš guru₂₁
[2]	𒋢𒂊𒌈𒃡	^kuš guru₂₁ ^ur₃
[3]	𒋢𒌈	^kušguruₓ(TUM)
[4]	𒂊𒃡	^e ur₃
[5]	𒂊	E
[6]	𒌆𒂊𒌈	^tug₂ guru₂₁
[7]	𒂊𒌈	guru₂₁
[8]	𒆬𒊒	ku₃-ru
[9]	𒌫	ur₂
[10]	𒄑𒋢𒍨𒃡	^ŋeš ^kuš ZIG ^ur₃
[11]	𒂊𒌈𒃡𒂊𒌈𒃡	guruₓ(E.TUM.GA₂×(NUN&NUN))
[12]	𒋢𒉢𒁓𒄷	^kuš buru₄ ^mušen
[13]	𒄑𒋢𒍨	^ŋeš ^kuš ZIG
+	--ra=r.a (1x/1%).

	ED IIIb	Ur III	OB	Post-OB
[1]			33	24
[2]			22	3
[3]				19
[4]	17
[5]	12	2
[6]				9
[7]			5
[8]			1
[9]	1
[10]			1
[11]
[12]
[13]

25 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic IIIb (30x/20%)

Ur III (2x/1%)

Old Babylonian (62x/42%)

Middle Babylonian (20x/13%)

Neo-Assyrian (19x/13%)

Hellenistic (16x/11%)

Senses:

1. shield (134x/90%)

2. belt (15x/10%)

Bibliography

[2010] I. Schrakamp, Krieg und Waffen 49-56.

[2003] M. Civil, JCS 55 52.

[1998] J. Bauer, Vorsargonische Abschnitt 528.

[1984] B. Eichler, AOS 65 100 wn38.

[1973] M. Civil, JNES 32 60.

{kuš}kuru₁₄

= misirrum (OB Nippur Diri Seg.9, 41).

Lexical Associations

ašītu[metal band]N (// guru[shield])

^kuškuru₁₄ = a-ši-i-tum (OB Nippur Diri Seg.9, 42).

ihzētu[decorative inlay]N (// guru[shield])

^kušgur₂₁ = iḫ-ze-e-tum (OECT 04, 153 d i 13).

misarru[belt]N (// guru[shield])

^kušgur₂₁ = me-[sir₂-ru] (Ura 11 section 1, 137; SpTU 2, 052 r i' 11'; LTBA 1, 84 r? 29').

^kušgur₂₁ = mi-i-si₂-ir-ru-um (OECT 04, 153 d i 12).

^kuškuru₁₄ = mi-si-ir-ru-um (OB Nippur Diri Seg.9, 41).

[^tug₂]⸢gur₂₁⸣ = me-sir₂-rum mi-za-ḫu (SpTU 3, 116 o i 17).

misarru[belt]N himtu[leather skin]N (// guru[shield] UD huduš[status])

⸢^tug₂⸣gur₂₁ UD ḫuduš(TU) = me-sir₂ ḫi-in-du muš-kin₃-nu (SpTU 3, 116 o i 22).

misarru[belt]N himtu[leather skin]N (// guru[shield] UD-TU)

^kušgur₂₁ UD-TU = [me-sir₂ ḫi-in-du] (Ura 11 section 1, 143).

misarru[belt]N huddušu[(an age group?)]N (// guru[shield] huduš[status])

[^kušgur₂₁] ⸢ḫuduš⸣ = me-sir₂ ḫu-⸢du⸣-[uš-ši] [...] (LTBA 1, 84 r? 32').

misarru[belt]N huduššu[(an age group?)]N (// guru[shield] huduš[status])

^kušgur₂₁ ḫuduš(TU) = [me-sir₂ ḫu-ud-du-šu₂] (Ura 11 section 1, 142).

[^tug₂]gur₂₁ ḫuduš(TU) = me-sir₂ ḫu-ud-du-šu₂ pa-tin-nu (SpTU 3, 116 o i 20).

misarru[belt]N x (// guru[shield] huduš[status])

⸢^{tug₂^?}⸣MIN<(gur₂₁)> ḫuduš(TU) = me-se-⸢ru⸣ [...] [pa]-⸢tan⸣-nu (LTBA 1, 86 r iii 3).

arītu[shield]N (// guru[shield] me[battle])

[^kuš]⸢guru₂₁⸣^ur₃ me₃ = MIN<(a-ri-tum)> (CT 12, pl. 39, K 07697 r ii' 7').

kabābu[shield]N (// guru[shield] me[battle])

^kušguru₂₁^ur₃ me₃^!(AK) = ka-[ba-bu] (CT 19, pl. 22-23, Rm 0344 r i 5).

misarru[belt]N qarnu[horn]N (// guru[shield] si[horn])

[^kušgur₂₁] ⸢si⸣ = MIN<(me-sir₂)> ⸢qar⸣-[ni] [...] (LTBA 1, 84 r? 30').

^kušgur₂₁ si = MIN<(mesirru)> [qar-ni] (Ura 11 section 1, 138; SpTU 2, 052 r i' 12').

[^tug₂]⸢gur₂₁⸣ si = me-se-⸢ru qar^?⸣-[ni] [me-za]-aḫ ša₂ ⸢up⸣-pi-te (LTBA 1, 86 r iii 1).

[^tug₂]⸢gur₂₁⸣ si = MIN<(me-sir₂-rum)> qar-nu MIN<(mi-za-ḫu)> ša₂ up-pe-e-⸢ti⸣ (SpTU 3, 116 o i 18).

ša[of]DET uppītu[(an object)]N (// guru[shield] šag[heart] tuku[acquire])

^kušgur₂₁ šag₄-ba tuku = ša₂ [up-pi-ti] (Ura 11 section 1, 140; SpTU 2, 052 r i' 14').

ša[of]DET x (// guru[shield] šag[heart] tuku[acquire])

^kušgur₂₁ šag₄-ba tuku = ša₂ [...] (Ura 11 section 1, 141; SpTU 2, 052 r i' 15').

šapû[padded one]N (// guru[shield] šag[heart] tuku[acquire])

^kušgur₂₁ šag₄-ba tuku = ša₂-[pu-u₂] (Ura 11 section 1, 139; SpTU 2, 052 r i' 13').

[^tug₂]gur₂₁ šag₄-ba tuku = ša₂-pu-u₂ MIN<(mi-za-ḫu)> MIN<(ša₂)> up-pe-e-ti (SpTU 3, 116 o i 19).

šapû[padded one]N (// guru[shield] šatuku[mattress])

[^kušgur₂₁ šag₄-ba]-tuku = ša₂-⸢pu⸣-[u₂] [...] (LTBA 1, 84 r? 31').

[^tug₂]⸢MIN⸣<(gur₂₁)> ša₂-ba-tuku = ša₂-⸢pu⸣-[u] [MIN<(me-za-aḫ)> ša₂ up-pi-te] (LTBA 1, 86 r iii 2).

References for all phrases

guru[shield]

[^kuš]⸢gur₂₁⸣ (MSL 07, 209 V01 r iii 23).

^kušgur₂₁(E.TUM) (OB Nippur Ura 2 415).

^kušgurₓ(TUM) (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o iii 7; ASJ 09, 289-291 o ii 28'; Emar 6/1, p. 264-265, Msk 74105a o iii 1').

^kuškuru₁₄ = a-ši-i-tum (OB Nippur Diri Seg.9, 42).

^kušgur₂₁ = iḫ-ze-e-tum (OECT 04, 153 d i 13).

^kušgur₂₁ = me-[sir₂-ru] (Ura 11 section 1, 137; SpTU 2, 052 r i' 11'; LTBA 1, 84 r? 29').

^kušgur₂₁ = mi-i-si₂-ir-ru-um (OECT 04, 153 d i 12).

^kuškuru₁₄ = mi-si-ir-ru-um (OB Nippur Diri Seg.9, 41).

[^tug₂]⸢gur₂₁⸣ = me-sir₂-rum mi-za-ḫu (SpTU 3, 116 o i 17).

guru[shield] UD huduš[status]

⸢^tug₂gur₂₁ UD ḫuduš(TU)⸣ = [...] [...]-⸢nu^?⸣ (LTBA 1, 86 r iii 5).

⸢^tug₂⸣gur₂₁ UD ḫuduš(TU) = me-sir₂ ḫi-in-du muš-kin₃-nu (SpTU 3, 116 o i 22).

guru[shield] UD-TU

^kušgur₂₁ UD-TU = [...] (SpTU 2, 052 r i' 17').

^kušgur₂₁ UD-TU = [me-sir₂ ḫi-in-du] (Ura 11 section 1, 143).

guru[shield] da-GUD

^kušgur₂₁ da-GUD (OB Nippur Ura 2 416; MSL 07, 209 V01 r iii 24).

guru[shield] erin[people]

⸢^kušgur₂₁⸣ erin₂ (FAOS 02/1, 215 b ii 17').

guru[shield] huduš[status]

^kušgur₂₁ ḫuduš(TU) (OB Nippur Ura 2 418; MSL 07, 209 V01 r iii 26).

^kušgur₂₁ ḫuduš(TU) = [...] (SpTU 2, 052 r i' 16').

[^kušgur₂₁(E.TUM)] ḫuduš(TU) (IB 1612b o i 9').

^kušgurₓ(TUM) ḫuduš(TU) (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o iii 12; Emar 6/1, p. 264-265, Msk 74105a o iii 6').

[^kušgur₂₁] ⸢ḫuduš⸣ = me-sir₂ ḫu-⸢du⸣-[uš-ši] [...] (LTBA 1, 84 r? 32').

^kušgur₂₁ ḫuduš(TU) = [me-sir₂ ḫu-ud-du-šu₂] (Ura 11 section 1, 142).

[^tug₂]gur₂₁ ḫuduš(TU) = me-sir₂ ḫu-ud-du-šu₂ pa-tin-nu (SpTU 3, 116 o i 20).

⸢^{tug₂^?}⸣MIN<(gur₂₁)> ḫuduš(TU) = me-se-⸢ru⸣ [...] [pa]-⸢tan⸣-nu (LTBA 1, 86 r iii 3).

guru[shield] kalag[strong]

^kušgurₓ(TUM) kalag-ga (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o iii 8; ASJ 09, 289-291 o ii 29'; Emar 6/1, p. 264-265, Msk 74105a o iii 2').

guru[shield] kalag[strong] niŋin[encircle]

^kušgurₓ(TUM) kalag-ga niŋin₂^!-na (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o iii 9; Emar 6/1, p. 264-265, Msk 74105a o iii 3').

guru[shield] kalag[strong] x-x

[^kušgurₓ(TUM) kalag]-⸢ga x⸣-[x] (ASJ 09, 289-291 o ii 30').

guru[shield] kin-DU-a

^kušgur₂₁ kin-DU-a = [...] (Ura 11 section 1, 144, section 1, 145, section 1, 146; SpTU 2, 052 r i' 18', r i' 19', r i' 20').

guru[shield] kun[tail]

^kušgur₂₁ kun (OB Nippur Ura 2 417; MSL 07, 209 V01 r iii 25).

^kušgurₓ(TUM) kun^!(DUR) (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o iii 10; Emar 6/1, p. 264-265, Msk 74105a o iii 4').

guru[shield] mah[great]

^kušgurₓ(TUM) maḫ^? (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o iii 14; Emar 6/1, p. 264-265, Msk 74105a o iii 7', o iii 8').

guru[shield] me[battle]