gur [THICK] V/i (384x) Early Dynastic IIIa, Early Dynastic IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Hellenistic, Uncertain, unknown wr. gur₄; gur₄-gur₄; gur; gur-gur; gur₁₄; gur₈; ^kurgur₄; gur₁₃; gur₄^ku-^u-^ru; ^gu-^urgur₄; gud; gur₄^kur-^kurgur₄; ku-ur₂; kur; ^gur₄gur-^gur₄gur; guru₆; gur₇; ^x-^urgur₄ "(to be) thick; (to be) big, to feel big; (to be) arrogant; to thicken"

See ni gur[proud]V/t, šag gur[feel wonderful]V/i.

[1]	𒆸	gur₄
[2]	𒆸𒆸	gur₄-gur₄
[3]	𒄥	gur
[4]	𒄥𒄥	gur-gur
[5]	𒄯	gur₁₄
[6]	𒋽	gur₈
[7]	𒆳𒆸	^kur gur₄
[8]	𒉌	gur₁₃
[9]	𒆸𒆪𒌋𒊒	gur₄^ku-^u-^ru
[10]	𒄖𒌨𒆸	^gu-^urgur₄
[11]	𒄞	gud
[12]	𒆸𒆳𒆳𒆸	gur₄^kur-^kurgur₄
[13]	𒆪𒌫	ku-ur₂
[14]	𒆳	kur
[15]	𒆸𒄥𒆸𒄥	^gur₄gur-^gur₄gur
[16]	𒃸	guru₆
[17]	𒄦	gur₇
[18]	X𒌨𒆸	^x-^urgur₄
+	--ra=r.a (125x/33%); --re=r+e (4x/1%); --re=r.e (15x/4%); --re₆=r.e (1x/0%); --ru=r.u (2x/1%).

	PC	ED IIIa	ED IIIb	Ebla	OAkk	Lag II	Ur III	OB	Post-OB	(unknown)
[1]		1	10		13	1	72	98	40	1
[2]			1		1			52	8	1
[3]			22		2			9	5
[4]								14	3	1
[5]								5	1
[6]					5
[7]									5
[8]									4
[9]									2
[10]									2
[11]		1
[12]									1
[13]								1
[14]								1
[15]									1
[16]
[17]
[18]

85 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic IIIa (2x/1%)

Early Dynastic IIIb (33x/9%)

Old Akkadian (21x/5%)

Lagash II (1x/0%)

Ur III (72x/19%)

Old Babylonian (180x/47%)

Middle Assyrian (12x/3%)

Middle Babylonian (6x/2%)

Neo-Assyrian (41x/11%)

Neo-Babylonian (4x/1%)

Hellenistic (9x/2%)

Uncertain (1x/0%)

unknown (2x/1%)

Verbal prefixes: V ; V.b ; V.m ; V.m.ta.b ; V.n ; Vmma ; al ; ba ; ba.i ; ba.n.ši ; ha ; ha.Vmma ; ha.mu.na.da ; imma.b ; mu ; mu.a ; mu.i.b ; mu.n ; mu.na.b ; mu.na.da ; mu.na.i.b ; mu.na.ni ; na.V.b ; nu.V.b ; u.mu.n .

Senses:

1. (to be) thick (371x/97%)

2. (to be) big, to feel big (12x/3%)

3. (to be) arrogant (1x/0%)

4. to thicken [V/t]

Akk. ebû; rabû; kabru.

Bibliography

[1982] M. Civil, OA 21 10.

[1964] M. Civil, Studies Oppenheim 87.

gur₁₃

= kabru (Ea 02 24).

gur₁₄

= kabru (Ea 05 125).

gur₄-gur₄

= itagrurum (OB Nippur Diri 66; FTS, p. 112 fig. 13 r 5, r 6, r 7).

kur₄

= kabru (Ea 01 23).

= pungulu (Ea 01 25a, 25b, 25c, 25d, 25e, 25f, 25j).

(OB Nippur Ea 27; Ea 01 25).

mu₅

= kabru (Ea 02 19).

Lexical Associations

baʾālu[be(come) dominant]V (// gur[thick])

⸢gur₄⸣ = ba-ʾ-⸢lu⸣ (K 04177+ r i 9').

ebû[thick]AJ (// gur[thick])

kur₄ = e-bu-⸢u₂⸣ (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 25; Ea 01 25c).

ebû[thick]AJ ša[of]DET akalu[bread]N (// gur[thick])

kur₄ = KIMIN<(e-bu-u₂)> ša ⸢NINDA⸣ (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 26; Ea 01 25d).

gitmālu[perfect]AJ (// gur[thick])

⸢gur₄⸣-ra = ⸢gi₅⸣-it-ma-lu ⸢za⸣-ak-⸢ki-iš⸣ (KBo 13, 001 + KBo 26, 20 + KBo 01, 44 o i 27).

kur₄ = git₂-ma-lu (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 32; Ea 01 25j).

kabru[thick]AJ (// gur[thick])

gur₁₃ = kab-ru (Ea 02 24; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o i 23).

gur₁₄ = kab-ru (Ea 05 125).

gur₄ = kab-ri (AOAT 275, 328, BM 047778 r ii 11).

gur₄ = ka-ab-ru (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 34).

gur₄ = ka-ab-rum (MSL 09, 124-137 r ii 6').

gur₄-gur₄ = ka-ab-ru-um (OB Nippur Diri 68; MSL 15, 008 A o ii 12').

kur₄ = ka-ab-⸢ru⸣ (CT 35, pl. 01-08, BM 108862 o i 5'; Ea 01 23).

mu₅ = kab-ru (Ea 02 19; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o i 19).

kabrūtu[thickness]N (// gur[thick])

gur₄-gur₄ = ⸢ka^?-ab-ru-tum⸣ (FTS, p. 112 fig. 13 r 6).

kabtu[heavy]AJ (// gur[thick])

gur₄ = ka-ab-tum (MSL 09, 124-137 r ii 7').

kur₄ = kab-⸢tu⸣ (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 27; Ea 01 25e).

kubbutu[very heavy]AJ (// gur[thick])

gur₄-gur₄ = ku-bu-tum (OB Nippur Diri 69).

gur₄-gur₄ = ⸢kub-bu-tum⸣ (FTS, p. 112 fig. 13 r 7).

kur₄ = ku-ub-⸢bu-tu⸣ (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 28; Ea 01 25f).

kūbu[foetus]N (// gur[thick])

gur₄-gur₄ = ⸢ku⸣-bu-um (MSL 15, 008 A o ii 13').

puggulu[very strong]AJ (// gur[thick])

gur₄-gur₄ = ⸢pu⸣-ug-gu₅-⸢lum⸣ (OB Nippur Diri 67; FTS, p. 112 fig. 13 r 5; MSL 15, 008 A o ii 11').

kur₄ = pu-un-gu-lu (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 23; Ea 01 25a).

qarāru[writhe]V (// gur[thick])

gur₄-gur₄ = i-ta-ag-ru-ru-⸢um⸣ (OB Nippur Diri 66; MSL 15, 008 A o ii 10').

qālu[thick?]AJ (// gur[thick])

kur₄ = qa-a-lu (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 24; Ea 01 25b).

rabû[be(come) big]V (// gur[thick])

gur₄ = ra-bu-[u] (K 04177+ r i 3').

rabû[big]AJ (// gur[thick])

gur₄ = ra-bu-um (MSL 09, 124-137 r ii 8').

kur₄ = ra-bu-u₂ (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 22; CT 35, pl. 01-08, BM 108862 o i 7'; Ea 01 25).

rakāsu[bind]V (// gur[thick])

mu-un-na-ab-gur₄-ra = ir-tak-sa-an-ni (CT 19, pl. 17-19, K 04386+ o ii 21').

^kurgur₄ = ra-ka-su (CT 19, pl. 17-19, K 04386+ o ii 20').

rubû[prince]N (// gur[thick])

gur₄ = ru-bu-um (MSL 09, 124-137 r ii 9').

anzūzu[type of spider]N (// x gur[thick])

[...] ⸢^kur⸣gur₄ = ⸢an-zu-zu⸣ (LTBA 1, 44 r ii 37').

kūru[(part of a reed)]N (// gi[reed] gur[thick])

⸢gi⸣ gur₄ = [MIN<(ku-rum])> (HS 1928 + HS 1929 o iii 11).

kubru[thickness]N pēmu[(upper) thigh]N (// haš[thigh] gur[thick])

ḫa-<aš₂> ku-ur₂-ŋu₁₀ = ku-bu-ur pe-mi-a (CUSAS 12, 4.2 r 2).

kubbutu[very heavy]AJ (// im[clay] gur[thick])

im gur-gur = kub-bu-tum (Iraq 06, 71 r i 15').

kabru[thick one]N (// lu[person] gur[thick])

⸢lu₂ al-gur₄-ra⸣ = ⸢ka⸣-[ab-rum] (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 27).

kabtu[important one]N (// lu[person] gur[thick])

⸢lu₂ gur₄-ra⸣ = ⸢ka-ab-tum⸣ (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 132).

marru[shovel]N pe₃-et-ti (// mar[shovel] ninda[bread] gur[thick])

mar ninda gur₄-ra = mar pe₃-⸢et⸣-ti (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r i 41').

puṣuddu[mongoose?]N (// ninka[mongoose] ib[hips] gur[thick])

^dnin-ka₆ ib₂ gur₄ = pu-ṣu-ud-du (Ura 14 204; LTBA 1, 46 o ii' 5').

anzūzu[type of spider]N (// si[spider?] gur[thick])

še₃^še ^kurgur₄ = an-zu-zu (Ura 14 345; LTBA 1, 40 r ii 42).

kabru[thick one]N (// siki[hair] gur[thick])

[siki gur₄]-⸢ra⸣ = kab-ra-a-tum (Rm 0606+ o i 26').

kiskibirru[kindling wood]N (// ŋeš[tree] gur[thick])

ŋeš gur₄.MIN<(^ku-^u-^ru)> = ki-is-ki-bir-ru (CT 12, pl. 44, K 04403 o i 14').

[ŋeš] [^gu]-^urgur₄ = ki-is-ki-bir-ru (CT 12, pl. 45, K 04408 i 13').

kūru[(part of a reed)]N (// ŋeš[tree] gur[thick])

ŋeš gur₄^ku-⸢^u-^ru⸣ = ku-u-ru (CT 12, pl. 44, K 04403 o i 12').

[ŋeš] [^gu]-^urgur₄ = [ku]-u₂-ru (CT 12, pl. 45, K 04408 i 11').

References for all phrases

gur[thick]

gur₄ = [...] (VAT 10259 o 8).

kur₄ (PBS 12, 01 r ii' 5'; OB Nippur Ea 27; MSL 14, 028 Ke r i' 2; MSL 14, 018 Ah r ii 1; MSL 14, 029 Ky o i 3'; MSL 14, 019 Bp r i 3'; MSL 02, pl. 05-06 o i 11'; MSL 14, 019 Bn r i 8'; PBS 05, 112 r i 21'; MSL 14, 019 Bq r i' 3'; PBS 05, 111 & 127 r ii 1; MSL 14, 018 Ap r ii 3; MSL 14, 018 Bb o i 18').

⸢gur₄⸣ = ba-ʾ-⸢lu⸣ (K 04177+ r i 9').

kur₄ = e-bu-⸢u₂⸣ (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 25; Ea 01 25c).

kur₄ = KIMIN<(e-bu-u₂)> ša ⸢NINDA⸣ (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 26; Ea 01 25d).

⸢gur₄⸣-ra = ⸢gi₅⸣-it-ma-lu ⸢za⸣-ak-⸢ki-iš⸣ (KBo 13, 001 + KBo 26, 20 + KBo 01, 44 o i 27).

kur₄ = git₂-ma-lu (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 32; Ea 01 25j).

gur₁₃ = kab-ru (Ea 02 24; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o i 23).

gur₁₄ = kab-ru (Ea 05 125).

gur₄ = kab-ri (AOAT 275, 328, BM 047778 r ii 11).

gur₄ = ka-ab-ru (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 34).

gur₄ = ka-ab-rum (MSL 09, 124-137 r ii 6').

gur₄-gur₄ = ka-ab-ru-um (OB Nippur Diri 68; MSL 15, 008 A o ii 12').

kur₄ = ka-ab-⸢ru⸣ (CT 35, pl. 01-08, BM 108862 o i 5'; Ea 01 23).

mu₅ = kab-ru (Ea 02 19; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o i 19).

gur₄-gur₄ = ⸢ka^?-ab-ru-tum⸣ (FTS, p. 112 fig. 13 r 6).

gur₄ = ka-ab-tum (MSL 09, 124-137 r ii 7').

kur₄ = kab-⸢tu⸣ (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 27; Ea 01 25e).

gur₄-gur₄ = ku-bu-tum (OB Nippur Diri 69).

gur₄-gur₄ = ⸢kub-bu-tum⸣ (FTS, p. 112 fig. 13 r 7).

kur₄ = ku-ub-⸢bu-tu⸣ (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 28; Ea 01 25f).

gur₄-gur₄ = ⸢ku⸣-bu-um (MSL 15, 008 A o ii 13').

gur₄-gur₄ = ⸢pu⸣-ug-gu₅-⸢lum⸣ (OB Nippur Diri 67; FTS, p. 112 fig. 13 r 5; MSL 15, 008 A o ii 11').

kur₄ = pu-un-gu-lu (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 23; Ea 01 25a).

gur₄-gur₄ = i-ta-ag-ru-ru-⸢um⸣ (OB Nippur Diri 66; MSL 15, 008 A o ii 10').

kur₄ = qa-a-lu (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 24; Ea 01 25b).

gur₄ = ra-bu-[u] (K 04177+ r i 3').

gur₄ = ra-bu-um (MSL 09, 124-137 r ii 8').

kur₄ = ra-bu-u₂ (MAOG 11/1-2 99-109, pl. 1 o i 22; CT 35, pl. 01-08, BM 108862 o i 7'; Ea 01 25).

mu-un-na-ab-gur₄-ra = ir-tak-sa-an-ni (CT 19, pl. 17-19, K 04386+ o ii 21').

^kurgur₄ = ra-ka-su (CT 19, pl. 17-19, K 04386+ o ii 20').

gur₄ = ru-bu-um (MSL 09, 124-137 r ii 9').

x gur[thick]

[...] ⸢^kur⸣gur₄ = ⸢an-zu-zu⸣ (LTBA 1, 44 r ii 37').

a[arm] gur[thick]

a₂ gur-gur (OB Nippur Izi Tab.II, 23).

a₂ gur₄-gur₄ (OB Nippur Izi Tab.II, 24).

⸢a₂⸣ gur₄-gur₄ = i-du ka-ab-ba-ru-um (MSL 13, 056 o ii 10').

a[arm] gur[thick] e-mu-qa-an kab-ra-tum

[a₂ gur₄]-gur₄ ⸢e-mu-qa⸣-an ⸢kab^?-ra^?⸣-tum (UET 6, 0378 o i 7').

bisaŋ[basket] ninda[bread] gur[thick]

^gibisaŋ ninda gur₄-⸢ra⸣ (CUNES 49-08-025 o 1, r 1; CUNES 58-01-091 o 1, r 1).

^gipisaŋ ninda gur₄-ra (OB Nippur Ura 2 55).

dubsar[scribe] inim[word] gur[thick]

dub-sar inim^? gur₄^?-ra (CUNES 53-01-205 o 2, r 2).

dug[pot] gur[thick]

dug gur₄-ra^? (NMI BK 00556 o 6).

gi[reed] gur[thick]

[gi] gur₄^kur-^kurgur₄ = ⸢MIN⸣ (Iraq 06, 69 r ii' 4').

⸢gi⸣ gur₄ = [MIN<(ku-rum])> (HS 1928 + HS 1929 o iii 11).

gihan[basket] ninda[bread] gur[thick]

gi-ḫa-an ninda gur₄ (CUSAS 12, 3.2.01 r i 17).

haš[thigh] gur[thick]

ḫa-<aš₂> ku-ur₂-ŋu₁₀ = ku-bu-ur pe-mi-a (CUSAS 12, 4.2 r 2).

im[clay] gur[thick]

im gur-gur = kub-bu-tum (Iraq 06, 71 r i 15').

lu[person] gur[thick]

lu₂ al-gur₄-ra (MSL SS 1, p. 07 C o i frg.2 8'').

lu₂ gur₄-ra (MSL SS 1, p. 07 A o iv' 27).

⸢lu₂ al-gur₄-ra⸣ = ⸢ka⸣-[ab-rum] (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 27).

⸢lu₂ gur₄-ra⸣ = ⸢ka-ab-tum⸣ (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 132).

mar[shovel] ninda[bread] gur[thick]

[^ŋešmar] ⸢ninda⸣ gur₄-ra (UET 6, 0677 + 0678 + UET 7, 087 + 091 r v 02'; MSL SS 1 96 c ii 24').

mar ninda gur₄-ra = mar pe₃-⸢et⸣-ti (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r i 41').

masab[basket] ninda[bread] gur[thick]

^gima-sa₂-ab ninda gur₄-ra (CUSAS 12, 3.2.01 o iv 18; YBC 01997 o 2; MVAG 21, pl. 4, VAT 08371 o 1).

muš[snake] gur[thick]

muš gur₄ (MSL 11, A 07895 x 10).

ninda[bread] gur[thick]

ninda gur₄ (CUNES 52-07-076 o 1).

ninda gur₄-[ra] (MSL 11, A 07895 iii 11').

ninda[bread] gur[thick] MU

[ninda gur₄]-ra ⸢MU^?⸣ (MSL 08/1, 82 V₅6 o i 10').

ninda[bread] gur[thick] dabin[semolina]

[ninda] ⸢gur₄⸣-ra dabin (MSL 08/1, 82 V₅6 o i 8').

ninda[bread] gur[thick] gal[big]

ninda gur₄ gal (CUNES 52-07-076 o 2).

ninda[bread] gur[thick] i[oil] de[pour]

[ninda gur₄]-⸢ra i₃ de₂-a⸣ (MSL 08/1, 82 V₅6 o i 11', o i 12').

ninda[bread] gur[thick] lu[person]

ninda gur₄-ra ⸢lu₂⸣ (SLT 015 b iii 7, b iii 8; SLT 12 o vi 2).

ninda[bread] gur[thick] lugal[king]

ninda gur₄-ra ⸢lugal⸣ (SLT 12 o vi 3).

ninda[bread] gur[thick] niŋin[encircle]

[ninda] gur₄ niŋin (CUNES 52-07-076 o 5).

ninda[bread] gur[thick] tur[small]

⸢ninda⸣ gur₄ tur (CUNES 52-07-076 o 3).

ninda[bread] gur[thick] x

ninda gur₄ [...] (SLT 12 o vi 1).

ninda gur₄-ra [...] (SLT 015 b iii 4, b iii 6).

ninda[bread] gur[thick] zid[flour] gunida[~grain]

[ninda gur₄]-ra zid₂ gu₂-nida (MSL 08/1, 82 V₅6 o i 3').

ninda[bread] gur[thick] zid[flour] x

ninda gur₄-ra zid₂ [...] (MSL 08/1, 82 V₅6 o i 5', o i 6', o i 7'; SLT 015 b iii 5).

ninda[bread] gur[thick] zidkum[flour]

[ninda gur₄]-ra zid₂-kum (MSL 08/1, 82 V₅6 o i 2').

ninda[bread] gur[thick] zidmilla[flour]

[ninda] gur₄-ra zid₂-⸢milla⸣ (MSL 08/1, 82 V₅6 o i 9').

ninda[bread] gur[thick] zidsig[flour]

⸢ninda⸣ gur₄-ra zid₂-sig₁₅ (MSL 08/1, 82 V₅6 o i 4').

ninda[bread] gur[thick] zig[rise]

⸢ninda^?⸣ gur₄ zig₃-ga (CUNES 52-07-076 o 4).

ninka[mongoose] ib[hips] gur[thick]

⸢^dnin-ka₆ ib₂⸣ gur₄ = ⸢pa^?⸣-[...] (LTBA 1, 40 o iii 32').

^dnin-ka₆ ib₂ gur₄ = pu-ṣu-ud-du (Ura 14 204; LTBA 1, 46 o ii' 5').

nundum[lip] gur[thick]

nundum ḫur = ša-ap-tum ka-bar-tum (MSLSSI, 17-27 iii 50).

si[spider?] gur[thick]

še₃^še ^kurgur₄ = an-zu-zu (Ura 14 345; LTBA 1, 40 r ii 42).

siki[hair] gur[thick]

siki ^gur₄gur-⸢^{gur₄^?}⸣[gur^?] = [...] (CT 12, pl. 49, K 11962+ r i' 6').

[siki gur₄]-⸢ra⸣ = kab-ra-a-tum (Rm 0606+ o i 26').

udu[sheep] gur[thick]

[udu gur₄]-⸢gur₄⸣ (HS 1727 r ii 5; FAOS 02/1, 215 ii 08, ii 09).

ŋeš[tree] gur[thick]

ŋeš gur₄.MIN<(^ku-^u-^ru)> = ki-is-ki-bir-ru (CT 12, pl. 44, K 04403 o i 14').

[ŋeš] [^gu]-^urgur₄ = ki-is-ki-bir-ru (CT 12, pl. 45, K 04408 i 13').

ŋeš gur₄^ku-⸢^u-^ru⸣ = ku-u-ru (CT 12, pl. 44, K 04403 o i 12').

[ŋeš] [^gu]-^urgur₄ = [ku]-u₂-ru (CT 12, pl. 45, K 04408 i 11').

Word ID: o0028965; Citation URL: http://oracc.org/epsd2/o0028965; version 2.7.2 (built 2024-08-31)