burud [PERFORATE] V/t (153x) Early Dynastic IIIa, Early Dynastic IIIb, Old Akkadian, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Hellenistic, unknown wr. burudₓ(U); burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U); bar; burₓ(LAGAB×U); ^bu-^urburudₓ(U); bir-bir; bur-ra; burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U)^zabar; burudₓ(U)^zabar; buru₅; bur₂-ru-da-a; ^bu-^ruburudₓ(U) "to perforate, breach, penetrate, break in; breach, hole, opening, aperture; (to be) deep; depression, low-lying area, depth; to burglarize"

[1]	𒌋	burudₓ(U)
[2]	𒌋𒌋	burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U)
[3]	𒁇	bar
[4]	𒇥𒇥	burₓ(LAGAB×U)
[5]	𒁍𒌨𒌋	^bu-^urburudₓ(U)
[6]	𒄵𒄵	bir-bir
[7]	𒁓𒊏	bur-ra
[8]	𒌋𒌋𒌓𒅗𒁇	burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U)^zabar
[9]	𒌋𒌓𒅗𒁇	burudₓ(U)^zabar
[10]	𒉅	buru₅
[11]	𒁔𒊒𒁕𒀀	bur₂-ru-da-a
[12]	𒁍𒊒𒌋	^bu-^ruburudₓ(U)
+	--da=d.a (15x/10%); --de₃=d.e (2x/1%); --du=d.u (1x/1%); --ra=r.a (2x/1%); --re=r.e (6x/4%); --ru=r.u (4x/3%).

	PC	ED IIIa	ED IIIb	Ebla	OAkk	Lag II	Ur III	OB	Post-OB	(unknown)
[1]		3	3		9		18	51	14	3
[2]								28	10	1
[3]									2
[4]							2
[5]									2
[6]									1
[7]								1
[8]									1
[9]								1
[10]			1
[11]								1
[12]									1

49 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic IIIa (3x/2%)

Early Dynastic IIIb (4x/3%)

Old Akkadian (9x/6%)

Ur III (20x/13%)

Old Babylonian (82x/54%)

Middle Assyrian (2x/1%)

Middle Babylonian (9x/6%)

Neo-Assyrian (16x/10%)

Neo-Babylonian (3x/2%)

Hellenistic (1x/1%)

unknown (4x/3%)

Verbal prefixes: V ; V.m ; V.n ; al ; ba.i.n ; ba.ši.n ; mu.n.da ; na ; na.V.ni ; u.V.n ; u.m .

Senses:

1. to perforate, breach, penetrate, break in (129x/84%)

2. breach, hole, opening, aperture [N] (3x/2%)

3. (to be) deep [V/i] (6x/4%)

4. depression, low-lying area, depth [N] (8x/5%)

5. to burglarize (7x/5%)

Akk. palāšu; šapālu; pilšu; šupālu; šuplu.

Bibliography

[2011] M. Civil, CUSAS 17 232; 269.

[2002] J. Hoyrup, Lengths Widths Surfaces 43.

[1972] M. Powell, ZA 62 208-211.

bar

= hurrum (CT 11, pl. 40-41, K 04146 r ii 6, r ii 7).

buru₃

= šuplu (Ea 02 155, 156, 156a; OB Nippur Ea 114; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o ii 68a).

Lexical Associations

herû[dig]V (// burud[perforate])

bar = ḫe-⸢ru⸣-[u] (CT 11, pl. 40-41, K 04146 r ii 7).

hurru[hole]N (// burud[perforate])

bar = ḫu-ur-[rum^?] (CT 11, pl. 40-41, K 04146 r ii 6).

petû[open]V (// burud[perforate])

buru₃ = pa-tu-⸢u₂⸣ (Ea 02 156a).

pilšu[breach]N (// burud[perforate])

buru₃ = pil₂-šu (Ea 02 156; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o ii 68a).

šaplu[lower one]N (// burud[perforate])

burudₓ(U)^!(GAM) = šap-lu (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 55).

šuplu[depth]N (// burud[perforate])

burudₓ(U) = šup-lum (RA 13, 190-191, K 02055 r ii 40; CT 19, pl. 02, K 09961+ r i 13').

buru₃ = šup-lu (Ea 02 155; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o ii 68).

pilšu[breach]N appu[nose]N (// burud[perforate] kiri[nose])

burudₓ(U) kiri₃-ŋu₁₀ = ⸢pi-li-iš a⸣-pi-[ia] (PBS 05, 138, pl. 120 o 7; MSL 09, 66, UM 29-15-109 o 7; MSL 09, 66, CBS 02136 o 7).

pilšu[breach]N ittû[seed-funnel]N (// burud[perforate] ninda[bull])

bur₃^!(GAM) ninda₂ = bi-la-aš MIN<(it-tu-u)> (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r iii 51).

pilšu[breach]N uznu[ear]N (// burud[perforate] ŋeštug[ear])

[burudₓ(U) ŋeštug₂-ŋu₁₀] = [pi₂-li-iš uz]-⸢ni⸣-[ia] (MSL 09, 66, N 6189 r 8).

pikallulu[aperture in oven]N (// burud[perforate] šurin[oven])

burudₓ(U) ^imšu-rin-na = pi-kal-lu-lum (DT 052 r i 30').

kiškattû[(industrial) kiln]N (// x burud[perforate])

[...] buru₃ = kiš-kat₂-tu-u (BM 047553 o 5').

ṣinnarbubtu[reed node]N (// gi[reed] a[arm] burud[perforate])

gi ⸢a₂ bur₃-bur₃⸣ = sin^!-na-ar-bu-ub-tum (HS 1928 + HS 1929 o ii 42).

mupallišu[breacher]N bītu[house]N (// lu[person] e[house] burud[perforate])

lu₂ e₂ bur₃-bur₃ = mu-pa-li-iš bi-ta-tim (NBC 09830 o iii 23).

nittu[burglar]N (// lu[person] e[house] burud[perforate])

lu₂ e₂ bur₃-bur₃-ru = ni-it-tum (TCL 06, 35 o ii 21).

pallišu[housebreaker]N (// lu[person] e[house] burud[perforate])

⸢lu₂ e₂ burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U)⸣ = ⸢pa⸣-[al-li-šu] (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 87).

išqarrurtu[(an agricultural implement)]N pullušu[perforated]AJ (// nisakar[agricultural tool] burud[perforate])

[ni₂]-⸢saḫar⸣-[ra^?] ⸢bur₃-bur₃-re^?⸣ = MIN<(is-ki-il-lu)> pal-[lu-šu] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r i 37').

pullušu[perforated]AJ (// niŋ[thing] burud[perforate])

⸢^dug⸣niŋ₂ burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U) = pul-lu-uš-<tum> (N 2273+ o 22').

šiddu[side]N šuplu[depth]N (// us[side] burud[perforate])

[us₂] burudₓ(U) = MIN<(šid-du)> šup-li (RA 12, 2, K 04558+ i' 7').

uznu[ear]N (// uzu[flesh] burud[perforate])

[uzu] [^bu]-⸢^ur⸣bur₃ = MIN<(uz-nu)> (PBS 12, 07 r ii 18; Ura 15 Seg.1, 48).

urnû[mint]N (// šim[aromatics] burud[perforate])

^u₂šim burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U)-da^sar = ur-nu-u₂ (Ura 17 Seg.7, 50).

References for all phrases

burud[perforate]

buru₃ (MSL 14, 022 Er o i 12'; MSL 14, 022 Et r i 10; OB Nippur Ea 114; MSL 14, 029 Kz o ii' 10'; PBS 12, 55 o ii' 10'; PBS 05, 114 o i' 6'; MSL 14, 018 Bb o iii 29).

⸢bur₃^?⸣-bur₃-ru = ni-IT-⸢x⸣-[...] (RA 17, 124, K 02044+ o ii' 7).

bur₃-bur₃-ru = sa-⸢x⸣-[...] (RA 17, 124, K 02044+ o ii' 8).

^bu-^ruburudₓ(U) = [...] (K 04314 o ii' 41').

bar = ḫe-⸢ru⸣-[u] (CT 11, pl. 40-41, K 04146 r ii 7).

bar = ḫu-ur-[rum^?] (CT 11, pl. 40-41, K 04146 r ii 6).

buru₃ = pa-tu-⸢u₂⸣ (Ea 02 156a).

buru₃ = pil₂-šu (Ea 02 156; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o ii 68a).

burudₓ(U)^!(GAM) = šap-lu (MB Ura 02 Seg.2, 55).

burudₓ(U) = šup-lum (RA 13, 190-191, K 02055 r ii 40; CT 19, pl. 02, K 09961+ r i 13').

buru₃ = šup-lu (Ea 02 155; SA Vokabular Ass. 523 o ii 68).

burud[perforate] kiri[nose]

burudₓ(U) kiri₃-ŋu₁₀ (OB Nippur Ugumu 90).

buru₃ kiri₃-ŋu₁₀ (CUSAS 12, 4.1 o 8).

burudₓ(U) kiri₃-ŋu₁₀ = ⸢pi-li-iš a⸣-pi-[ia] (PBS 05, 138, pl. 120 o 7; MSL 09, 66, UM 29-15-109 o 7; MSL 09, 66, CBS 02136 o 7).

burud[perforate] ninda[bull]

bur₃^!(GAM) ninda₂ = bi-la-aš MIN<(it-tu-u)> (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r iii 51).

burud[perforate] zag-x

burudₓ(U) zag-[...] (MSL 09, 51 S14 r i 2').

burud[perforate] zaga[part of the face]

burudₓ(U) zag-ga-ŋu₁₀ (HS 2127 o i 4'; OB Nippur Ugumu 129).

burud[perforate] ŋeštug[ear]

burudₓ(U) ŋeštug₂-ŋu₁₀ (OB Nippur Ugumu 140).

[burudₓ(U) ŋeštug₂-ŋu₁₀] = [pi₂-li-iš uz]-⸢ni⸣-[ia] (MSL 09, 66, N 6189 r 8).

burud[perforate] šurin[oven]

burudₓ(U) ^imšu-rin-na = pi-kal-lu-lum (DT 052 r i 30').

x burud[perforate]

[...] buru₃ = kiš-kat₂-tu-u (BM 047553 o 5').

dug[pot] burud[perforate]

dug burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U)-ru = ⸢pul⸣-[...] (DT 052 o i' 22').

⸢dug⸣ burudₓ(U)-da (CUNES 51-09-137 o 3).

e[house] burud[perforate]

e₂ burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U) (OB Nippur Kagal 143; OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 356b).

gi[reed] a[arm] burud[perforate]

gi ⸢a₂ bur₃-bur₃⸣ = sin^!-na-ar-bu-ub-tum (HS 1928 + HS 1929 o ii 42).

gug[carnelian] burud[perforate]

^na₄gug burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U)-[da] (CT 06, pl. 11-14, BM 092611 a ii 3; OB Nippur Ura 4 49).

^na₄gug burudₓ(U)-da (AUWE 23, 170 r ii 7').

^na₄gug burudₓ(U)-du (BBVOT 03, 01 r 32).

kag[mouth] burud[perforate]

ka buru₃ (CUSAS 12, 3.2.01 r iii 36).

lu[person] e[house] burud[perforate]

lu₂ e₂ burudₓ(U) = mu-pa-li-iš bi-[(ta)-tim] (MSL 12, 157 A 259).

lu₂ e₂ bur₃-bur₃ = mu-pa-li-iš bi-ta-tim (NBC 09830 o iii 23).

lu₂ e₂ bur₃-bur₃-ru = ni-it-tum (TCL 06, 35 o ii 21).

⸢lu₂ e₂ burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U)⸣ = ⸢pa⸣-[al-li-šu] (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 87).

magaz[bench] burud[perforate]

^ŋešma-gaz burudₓ(U)-⸢burudₓ(U)⸣ (BRM 4, 29 + 30 r ii 5').

⸢^ŋeš⸣ma₂^!(SUR-)gaz burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U) (MSL 09, 66 B01 r ii 9'; OB Nippur Ura 1 631).

^ŋešma₂-gaz bur₃-bur₃ (Education in the Earliest Schools no. 019 r v 5; CUSAS 12, 3.1.1 c ii 22).

magaz[bench] niŋ[thing] burud[perforate]

[nam]-⸢gaz⸣ [niŋ₂] bur₃-bur₃-re = ta-aš-[šu ...] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r iv 21).

nisakar[agricultural tool] burud[perforate]

niŋ₂-sakar burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U) (Nippur Nigga 146).

[^ŋeš]⸢ni₂⸣-saḫar-ra ⸢bir-bir⸣-re (N 6044 r i 11').

^ŋešni₃-sakar burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U) (OB Nippur Ura 1 579).

[ni₂]-⸢saḫar⸣-[ra^?] ⸢bur₃-bur₃-re^?⸣ = MIN<(is-ki-il-lu)> pal-[lu-šu] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r i 37').

niŋ[thing] burud[perforate]

^kušniŋ₂ burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U) (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 o ii 39).

^na₄niŋ₂ burudₓ(U)-⸢burudₓ(U)⸣ (CT 06, pl. 11-14, BM 092611 b ii 15).

⸢^dug⸣niŋ₂ burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U) = pul-lu-uš-<tum> (N 2273+ o 22').

sahar[soil] burud[perforate]

saḫar burudₓ(U) (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 320c).

u[emery] burud[perforate]

^na₄u₂ burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U) (OB Nippur Ura 4 157).

us[side] burud[perforate]

us₂ bur₃-bur₃ (OB Nippur Izi Tab.II, 285).

[us₂] burudₓ(U) = MIN<(šid-du)> šup-li (RA 12, 2, K 04558+ i' 7').

uzu[flesh] burud[perforate]

[uzu] [^bu]-⸢^ur⸣bur₃ = MIN<(uz-nu)> (PBS 12, 07 r ii 18; Ura 15 Seg.1, 48).

zagin[lapis] burud[perforate]

[^na₄za-gin₃] ⸢burudₓ(U)⸣-burudₓ(U)-da (CBS 4608 + o i 20).

šen[cauldron] burud[perforate]

šen burudₓ(U)^zabar (Education in the Earliest Schools no. 117 o i 3).

šim[aromatics] burud[perforate]

^u₂šim burudₓ(U)-burudₓ(U)-da^sar = ur-nu-u₂ (Ura 17 Seg.7, 50).

šu[hand] burud[perforate] apin[plow]

^ŋeššu-ta bur₃-bur₃ apin (Education in the Earliest Schools no. 019 r i 12).

Word ID: o0025428; Citation URL: http://oracc.org/epsd2/o0025428; version 2.7.2 (built 2024-08-31)